Chapter 6: Skeletal System

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the skeletal system, including definitions for functions, processes, and bone-related terms.

Skeletal Cartilage

A type of cartilage that provides support and flexibility in various parts of the skeletal system.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, and blood cell production.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells responsible for bone formation and matrix production.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down bone tissue, playing a key role in bone remodeling.

Endochondral Ossification

The process by which bone develops from hyaline cartilage, used primarily in the formation of long bones.

Intramembranous Ossification

A mode of bone development that occurs directly within a connective tissue membrane, producing flat bones.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, providing support and flexibility; found in joints and the nose.

Spongy Bone

A type of bone that is lighter and less dense than compact bone, having a porous structure to house marrow.

Compact Bone

Dense and solid bone tissue that forms the structural framework of bone.

Epiphyseal Plate

A layer of hyaline cartilage in long bones where growth in length occurs.

Ossification

The process of bone formation, which can occur through intramembranous or endochondral methods.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A hormone that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and calcium reabsorption in kidneys.

Bone Remodeling

The process of continual replacement and renewal of bone tissue to adjust to stresses and repair damage.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures, often related to aging.

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells that maintain the cartilage matrix.

Bone Fracture Types

Includes closed, open, transverse, spiral, comminuted, impacted, greenstick, and oblique fractures.

Factors Affecting Bone Growth

Includes genetics, nutrition (calcium and vitamin D), and hormonal influences.

Bone Marrow

The soft tissue within bone cavities that produces blood cells; can be red or yellow marrow.

Periosteum

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones, providing nourishment and serving as an attachment for tendons and ligaments.

Hematoma

A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, usually forming in response to trauma.

Growth Hormone

Hormone that stimulates growth in tissues, including the growth of bones.