Properties of Water

One water
molecule is made by

polar covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds can stabilize the
structures

of large biological
molecules

Hydrogen bonds allow water to have

cohesion

Cohesion

is when molecules
resist separation from one another

Adhesion

when two unlike
molecules stick together

Capillarity is caused by

adhesion and cohesion

Capillarity

○ Water is attracted to sides of tube.
○ Water is attracted to itself.
○ Both of these interactions allow water to
travel up small tubes.
○ Important to plants!

Water absorbs
more heat before

it becomes measurably
hotter

Temperature

how we measure the energy of
molecular motion

Molecules move faster

as they absorb more
heat

Molecules move slower

as they lose heat

Surface temperature of water decreases

during
evaporation

Evaporation is a conversion of a

liquid to a gas by heat
energy

Ice is less dense than liquid water because

hydrogen bonds form a lattice during freezing

Because water is polar and able to make
hydrogen bonds

water can easily dissolve
other substances

Substances able to dissolve in water must be
hydrophilic- meaning

"water loving"

Substances that cannot dissolve in water are called
hydrophobic- meaning

"water fearing"

Nonpolar covalent bond

share electrons equally

Polar covalent bond

one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

Surface tension

is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

Water absorbs heat

from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air

Water can absorb or release

...a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature

Specific Heat

•of a substance is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C

Heat is absorbed when

hydrogen bonds break

Heat is released when

hydrogen bonds form