Chapter 3 - Water and Life

hydrogen bonds

As water evaporates from a leaf, ________ cause water molecules leaving the veins to tug on molecules farther down, and the upward pull is carried all the way to the roots via the water- conducting cells.

Cohesion

________ caused by hydrogen bonding aids in the movement of water and dissolved nutrients in plants against gravity.

Temperature

________ indicates the average kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter independent of volume, whereas thermal energy reflects total kinetic energy and hence relies on the volume of the substance.

Atoms

________ and molecules have kinetic energy because they are always moving, but not always in the same direction.

surface tension

The term ________ is related to cohesion, referring to a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Kinetic energy

________, or the energy of motion, is present in everything that moves.

ratio of ice to liquid water

The ________ is shifting as the Earth warms due to climate change.

Thermal energy

________ is the kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules.

cohesion

The hydrogen bonds keep the material together as a whole, a process known as ________.

hydrogen bonding

Water's ________ to the molecules of cell walls helps to counteract gravity's downward pull.

hydrogen bonding

Because of ________, water molecules remain near to one another.