Chapter 26 - Urinary System HW

Which of the following activities is not

• regulation of blood pressure

• control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood

• control of wastes in the blood

• maintenance of various blood ion concentrations

• lipid digestionrelated to kidney function?

lipid digestion

When the bladder is full, urine is eliminated through the process known as

micturition.

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis.

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can become twisted or kinked during movement.

floating kidney

Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are

peritubular capillaries.

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle.

You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a severe autoimmune disorder with a wide variety of organ-related disorders. Your doctor is worried about how this will affect your kidney function. He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

glomerulonephritis

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

cortex

Blood is directly supplied to a nephron by its __________.

afferent arterioles

The urinary filtrate first enters __________.

the glomerular (Bowman) capsule

________ is the most abundant organic waste.

Urea

One of the organic substances not normally excreted by the kidney is __________.

protein

Sheila has been exercising at peak performance for about 60 minutes. She did not hydrate as effectively as she should have and as a result, her urine is deep yellow and low in volume. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism affecting this?

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Which of these effects is NOT produced by sympathetic activation?

increased glomerular filtration rate

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following except

• increased urinary loss of sodium.

• reduction of blood pressure.

• increased fluid retention.

• decreased sodium reabsorption.

• less secretion of aldosterone.

increased fluid retention.

A decrease in blood albumin level will cause a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure. This will lead to a rise in the net glomerular filtration pressure. Are these two statements true or false?

Both statements are true.

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of

countertransport.

Chloride ions are reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop by

cotransport with Na and K ions.

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

renal threshold

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein transporting a molecule down its concentration gradient.

facilitated diffusion

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

active transport.

The ________ test is often used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate.

creatinine clearance

What occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws water out of the tubules and urine.

A patient consistently produces a large volume of dilute urine. This may be due to

absence of ADH.

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Which of these is NOT a property of countercurrent multiplication?

• It depends on active ion transport to function.

• It exploits the structure of the nephron loop.

• It creates a hyperosmotic peritubular fluid in the kidney medulla.

• It is opposed by the vasa recta.

It is opposed by the vasa recta

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder expelling urine.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

renal failure.

Insoluble deposits that form within the urinary tract from calcium salts, magnesium salts, or uric acid are called kidney stones or renal

calculi.

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis, an inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland. One of your primary symptoms is

urinating small volumes.