Air Pollution and Hygiene Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to air pollution, hygiene, and atmospheric science as discussed in the lecture.

What are the main components of the atmosphere?

The atmosphere consists of a mixture of various gases, retained by gravity, which enables life on Earth.

What is the approximate composition of air?

Air is approximately 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases.

What are the primary sources of air pollution?

Main sources include burning fossil fuels, agriculture, and industrial processes.

What are the health effects of air pollution?

Health effects include respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, increased mortality, and reduced life expectancy.

What was the purpose of the Montreal Protocol?

To phase out ozone-depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.

What are the causes of climate change?

Causes include increased levels of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels and land use changes.

What are the characteristics of local air pollution?

It is primarily found in cities and industrial areas, often resulting in smog.

What distinguishes regional air pollution?

Regional air pollution spreads across large areas or countries and is impacted by weather conditions.

What are major pollutants in global air pollution?

Major pollutants include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

How can methane emissions from agriculture be reduced?

Through the use of feed additives like Bovaer that inhibit methane formation in the rumen.

What is ammonia and where is it commonly found?

Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless, strong-smelling gas often encountered in high concentrations in animal housing.

What effects does hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have on health?

It is a strong irritant that can cause respiratory problems and disrupt cell metabolism.

What are the types of airborne particles found in animal houses?

Types include dusts, aerosols, bioaerosols, and viable particles.

What measures can be taken to improve air hygiene in animal housing?

Measures include ventilation systems, dust control, gas monitoring, humidity regulation, biosecurity, and regular maintenance.

Why is natural ventilation important?

It is the simplest ventilation system that uses wind and temperature differences to maintain airflow.

What is the function of HEPA filters in air filtration systems?

HEPA filters can filter up to 99.97% of particles larger than 0.3 micrometers, reducing airborne pathogens.