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Belief that there is no fixed self/no soul; one of the Three Marks of Existence.
Impermanence. Belief that nothing is permanent; one of the Three Marks of Existence.
A perfected person. In Theravada Buddhism this is a term for a person who has become enlightened.
A life free from worldly pleasures, and involves giving up of material possessions. An ascetic life often has the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals.
In Mahayana Buddhism this is a being destined for enlightenment, who postpones their final escape from samsara in order to help living beings.
Historically the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)
An awakened or enlightened person.
Reaching enlightenment.
In Mahayana Buddhism this refers to the fundamental nature of all beings, which means that all beings can become enlightened/reach Buddhahood.
An image or statue of the historical Buddha or a being believed to have attained Buddhahood.
Singing or rhythmic repetition of a word, prayer or sound.
Sympathy and concern for the suffering of others; a key part of Buddhist ethics.
Focusing oneâs attention; an important part of meditation and mindfulness of breathing.
The fifth of the Five Aggregates; the state of being aware of something/your surroundings before or without perception.
The ongoing state of desire which causes suffering; grasping at things we enjoy/want.
The belief that everything exists because other things do; everything is interconnected and everyone affects everyone else.
The teachings of the Buddha; these are the ultimate truth. Can also refer to following the Buddhist path (following the dharma).
A source of wisdom and authority; part of the Pali Canon that includes some of the most famous teachings of the Buddha, including the Eightfold Path.
Suffering. Belief that all life includes suffering and unsatisfactoriness; one of the Three Marks of Existence.
The fourth Noble Truth. Known as âThe Middle Way,â it includes the way to wisdom; mental training and the way of morality. Eight stages to be practised simultaneously.
One of the Mahayanan six perfections; making a courageous effort to attain enlightenment.
A state of wisdom that enables total clarity and understanding of the truths of existence; achieving Enlightenment (Buddhahood) allows a being to be freed from the cycle of rebirth.
Moral principles that inform behaviour and attitudes; part of the Eightfold Path.
The belief that human beings are composed of five factors - form, sensation, perception, mental formation, consciousness.
An important part of Buddhist ethics; part of the Eightfold Path (right action). These include: not taking life, not taking things which arenât freely given, not misusing the sense, not speaking falsehoods, not clouding the mind with intoxicants.
The first of the Five Aggregates; matter, physical experiences through the sense organs.
An important part of the Buddhaâs teachings found in the Pali Canon, explaining the truth about existence. These include: suffering, the cause of suffering, the end of suffering, the path to the end of suffering.
Teaching from the Jataka Tales about Siddhartha Gautamaâs experience of illness, old age, death and a holy man. These sights led him to give up his life of luxury, to follow an ascetic lifestyle, in search of the truth about suffering.
One of the Mahayanan six perfections; the sincere and selfless desire to benefit others with no expectation of reward.
Tibetan monasteries associated with learning and studying the dharma.
One of the Three Poisons; the attachment to material things, and the ongoing selfish desire for more.
One of the Three Poisons; a feeling of intense dislike, anger, wishing others harm.
One of the Three Poisons; the inability to see things as they really are. It is like a veil that prevents us seeing/understanding the truth of dukkha, anicca and anatta.
Substances that cloud the mind, eg alcohol, drugs. The five moral precepts teach against using these.
Literally 'action.â The belief in cause and effect, intentions and actions will affect the future.
A pure love which is selfless and not possessive; a key part of Buddhist ethics
A short sequence of words or syllables chanted repetitively as a form of meditation.
Literally âGreater Vehicleâ; this school of Buddhism focuses on achieving enlightenment for the sake of all beings (Bodhisattva). It is the main school of Buddhism in China, Tibet and Japan.
Strings of beads used as a prayer aid.
The fourth of the Five Aggregates; mental activities which lead a person to actions and produce kamma (karma).
A spiritual experience that opens a person up to the highest state of consciousness; one of the Mahayanan six perfections, and part of the Eightfold Path (Samadhi).
A form of meditation found in Theravada, Zen and Tibetan Buddhism. It focuses on the practice of breathing.
Buildings that house monks and nuns. They may also have shrines, Buddha rupas, and spaces for study, as well as accommodation.
Principles or beliefs about what is right and wrong. One of the Mahayanan six perfections; includes following the Five Moral Precepts
Literally âblowingâ out. The belief that individuals can achieve a state of perfect peace where they experience liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth.
A festival in Mahayana Buddhism that celebrates the death of the Buddha and his attainment of final nibbana. It is most often celebrated on 15th February.
Being able to tolerate delay or problems without becoming agitated or anxious. One of the Mahayanan six perfections.
The third of the Five Aggregates. The ability to distinguish between different objects that we experience through our senses; it also enables memory.
The name given to ceremonies that involve meditation, prayer and offerings.
This is the dominant form of Buddhism in Japan and focuses on chanting the name of Amitabha Buddha.
This refers to the belief that when a being dies they are reborn. This process depends on kamma, and will continue until nibbana is attained.
Temporarily leaving oneâs everyday life and going to special places to aid spiritual development.
Concentration and tranquility. A method of meditation; a state of calmness.
The second of the Five Aggregates; the feelings that arise from our sense organs making contact with objects.
A room or part of a room which contains a Buddha rupa, candles, an incense burner and sometimes other offerings.
Ethical principles in Mahayana Buddhism to lead a being to enlightenment.
Literally âemptinessâ. Mahayana belief about the absence of an intrinsic nature or self-identity.
A structure/building for religious or spiritual activities, such as meditation. Will usually contain a shrine(s).
The school of Buddhism mainly found in Sri Lanka and Thailand; it is an older tradition than Mahayana.
The three divisions of the Eightfold Path: ethics, meditation and wisdom.
The belief that all life involves/is marked by these three features; sometimes known as the Three Universal Truths. The three are: dukkha, anicca, anatta.
Causes of dukkha that affect all beings: ignorance, greed and hate.
A state of peace and calm.
A method of meditation focused on insight into the true nature of things.
Forming a mental image. A method of meditation in Mahayana Buddhism, imagining an image of a Buddha or Bodhisattva and focusing on their qualities.
A Buddhist festival celebrating the Buddha's birth. For some Buddhists it also celebrates his enlightenment and death.
Insight into the true nature of reality. One of the Mahayanan six perfections, which includes the realisation of sunyata.
The main form of meditation in Zen Buddhism, practiced cross-legged with the aim of gaining vipassana (insight).
A Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism. It focuses on the value of meditation and intuition, rather than ritual worship and study of the scriptures.
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