Water and Life (carbon organic compouds)

Major elements found in biological molecules

CHON

Describe the different ways that carbon-containing compounds can

be diverse.

Carbon can exist in hydrocarbon skeletons which can vary in length, branching, double bond position, and rings.

Carbon can make 4 bonds = diversity.

Give examples of biologically important chemical functional groups (and draw)

hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl

What are the macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What are the building blocks of each macromolecule?

carbohydrate - monosaccharide

lipid - fatty acid

protein - amino acid

nucleic acid - nucleotide

which macromolecules have polymers (chains) and write what their polymers are called

carbohydrate - polysaccharide

protein - protein

nucleic acid - nucleic acid

hydrolysis reaction

polymers breaking down into monomers with a water molecule

dehydration synthesis

combining monomers into polymers by excreting water

What does growth require

matter and energy

where do animals obtain their energy and nutrients from?

food

humans get carbon from their food.

where do plants get their carbon?

CO2 in the air

what catalyzes hydrolysis AND dehydration reactions?

enzymes

Is water polar or nonpolar

polar

define cohesion

hydrogen bonds holding a substance together

define adhesion

the clinging of one substance to another

kinetic energy

energy of motion

thermal energy

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms/molecules

temperature

average kinetic energy

heat

transfered thermal energy from one thing to another

calorie

amount of heat required to rise temp of 1g water 1 deg celcius

kilocalorie (kcal)

amount of heat required to rise temp of 1kg by 1 deg

acid

substance that increases hydrogen ion concentration, 7 or lower on pH scale

base

substance that reducs hydrogen ion concentration, 7 or higher on ph scale

are hydrocarbons polar or nonpolar

nonpolar

name the non-covalent bonds

ionic, hydrogen, van der walls

ionic bonds

hold together two ions with opposite charges, strong in dry environment, weal in aqueous environmet (Think salt)

hydrogen bonds

involve hydrogen and one other elctronegative atom with partially negative charge

van der walls

hydrophobic interactions, sticky hydrocarbons sticking together

types of covalent bonds

polar and nonpolar

polar bond

uneaqual sharing of electrons resulting inpartial negative charges

non-polar bond

equal sharing of electrons, no significant difference in electronegativity