CHEM LAB

beakers

beakers

are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solid sample

bunsen burner

produce small intense heat, to combust substances, and to sterilize objects in high heat.

burette

used for accurate dispensing of a liquid, especially one of the reagents of tiltration

erlenmeyer flask

useful to contain reactions or to hold liquid samples

laboratory funnels

for funneling liquids from one container to another for filtering when equipped w/ filter paper

graduated cylinder

for more precise measurements of liquid

hot plate

can also be used as source of heat when an open flame is not desirable

pipets

used to dispense small quantifies of liquids

test tube

holding small samples, testing specimens, heating and mixing solutions, growing bacteria, and storage of liquids.

watch glass

for holding small samples or for covering beakers/ evaporating dishes

wire gauze

on a ring support beakers to be heated by bunsen burners

crucible and cover

used to hold small amounts of chemicals during heating at high temperatures

evaporating dish

liquids are heated over flame so that they evaporate, leaving a solid residue

mortar and pestle

use to grind up solid chemicals to fine powders

spatula

use to transfer, scrape, or applying powders

test tube rack

use to hold multiple test tubes

thermometer

measure temperature

tripod

use to support flask, beakers, and wire gauze

test tube brush

use to clean test tubes and narrow mouth apparatus

aspirator

used by pumping liquids

centrifuge

use to separate substances in liquid/solid substances.

general properties

The characteristics of matter that are present in all kinds of matter

specific property

When a property is observable only in a particular kind of matter

Mass

refers to the amount of matter in an object.

Mass

usually expressed in grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

Weight

the measure of force that acts on an object

Weight

It is expressed as the amount of matter (mass) multiplied by the gravitational force that acts on it.

Weight

It is expressed in newtons (N)

Volume

The amount of space occupied by matter

Volume

Are often expressed in milliliters (mL) or liters (L)

Density

The relationship between mass and volume may be described by ____

Density

a physical property that expresses the ratio between mass and volume

Density

it is often expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³ ) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³ ).

specific gravity

is the ratio of a substance’s density to a standard substance

relative density

specific gravity is also known as?

dimensionless quantity

wherein no physical dimension is assigned.

melting point

The temperature at which a solid matter changes to liquid

freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid matter

vaporization

the change from a liquid state to a gaseous state

boiling point

temperature at which liquid vaporizes

solute

Materials that mix well form a homogeneous phase wherein the substance in a lesser amount

solvent

dissolves in another substance of greater amount

solubility

The ability of a solute to dissolve in a given solvent

highly soluble

if it dissolves easily in a solvent.

miscible

substances that mix well together

partially soluble or miscible

do not completely mix

insoluble

a material that does not dissolve at all in a given solvent

conductivity

The ability of a material to allow heat or electric charges to pass through easily

biodegradability

The capacity of a material to decompose through the actions of microorganisms

flammable

are often used to describe the ability of a material to burn.

combustion

a chemical reaction between a substance (fuel) and oxygen which results in the generation of heat and light in the form of flame.

combustibility

refers to the ability of a material to combust or burn.

intensive property

are physical properties that do not depend on the amount of matter.

extensive property

are physical properties that depend on the amount of matter.

qualitative observation

Involves the collection of data that describes qualities or characteristics