Pteridophytes

What are lycopodiophyta?

lycopodiales (club mosses) and selaginellales (spikemosses)

What are sphenopsida?

equisetales (horsetails)

What are ophioglossopsida?

ophioglossales (adder’s tongue)

What are polypodiopsida?

osmundales (royal ferns) and polypodiopsida (true ferns)

What are the charectaristics of lycopodiophyta?

have microphyllum, strobilus reproductive system, isospores and heterospores, prefer acidic environments

What is the life cycle of lycopodiophyta?

sporophyte generation - gametophyte generation - sporophyte regeneration

How can you distinguish between lycopodiales (club mosses) and selaginellales (spikemosses)

Lycopodiales have spirally arranged leaves and are homosporous. Selaginellales have branched and flat leaves and are heterosporous.

What are the characteristics of sphenopsida (horsetails)?

homoiospores, have sterile and fertile (with strobulus) stems, leaves united into sheaths

What is the equisetum life cycle?

strobilus - sporangiophore - sporangium - spore. after the spore spreading, the fertile roots die.

What is a prothallus?

typically heart-shaped gametophyte stage in the life cycle of ferns

What are the characteristics of ophioglossopsida (adder’s tongue ferns)?

prothallus develops in the soil and has mycorrhizal connections, has sterile and fertile lobes on a plant

Where are the sterile and fertile lobes on ophioglossales?

The sterile lobe is green and looks like a tongue. The fertile lobe is narrow.

Characterize osmundales (royal ferns).

dense clusters at the apical ends of the leaves, sporangia are solitary and don’t form a sorus