lecture 1 microbio

Microorganisms

organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

What are considered microbes?

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, viruses, and prions

which of the following is NOT a role of a microbe

run complex organ systems

What are some of the chemical products that microbes can produce

ethanol, acetone and vitamins

T/F: can microbes ferment foods

true

how many body cells is an adult human body composed of?

30 trillion

What is a microbiome (microbiota)

a group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body

T/F: some microbes are pathogenic (disease-producing)

true

T/F: microbiomes do not prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes

false

T/F: microbiomes can help train the immune system to discriminate threats

true

normal microbiota

the collection of acquired microorganisms on or in a healthy human being

where can colonization occur

body sites that provide nutrients and the right environment for the microbes to flourish

what was the goal of the Human Microbiome Project

determine the makeup of typical microbiota of various areas of the body

what was the secondary goal of the Human Microbiome Project

understanding the relationship between changes in microbiome and human diseases

What is the National Microbiome Initiative’s (NMI) goal

explore the role microbes play in different organisms

what is this?

bacteria

how does bacteria divide

binary fission

what is binary fission

T/F: bacteria are single-celled (unicellular)

true

what kind of cell walls do bacteria have

peptidogylcan

how do bacteria derive nutrition

organic or inorganic chemicals

how do bacteria move

flagella

what is a difference between archaea and bacteria

Archaea lack peptidoglycan cell walls, while bacteria contain peptidoglycan cell walls

T/F: archaea live in extreme environments

true

T/F: archaea are known to cause diseases in humans

false

T/F: Fungi are prokaryotes

false

What kind of cell walls do fungi have

Chitin

T/F: yeast are multicellular

false

T/F: molds and mushrooms are unicellular

false

molds consists of masses of what

mycelia

what is mycelia

thread-like network of branching hyphae that forms the main body of a fungus

how do fungi get their energy

absorbing organic chemicals

T/F: protozoa are prokaryotes

false

T/F: protozoa can repoduce sexually or asexually

true

T/F: protozoa are free-living or parasitic

true

where is algae found

freshwater, saltwater and soil

is algae are prokaryote or a eukaryote

eukaryote

what kind of cell walls does algae have

cellulose

how does algae get energy

photosynthesis

T/F: algae can reproduce sexually and asexually

true

T/F: algae can produce oxygen and carbohydrates

true

are viruses unicellular or acellular

acellular

what is the core of a virus consist of

DNA or RNA

what encloses the core in a virus

lipid envelope

how do viruses replicate

inside of a living host cell

T/F: multicellular animal parasites are eukaryotes

true

what are the 3 domains

bacteria, archaea and eukarya