Upper Limb Muscle AOIs

yay :/

pectoralis major

A: prime mover of arm flexion, adduction, and rotating of the arm

O: portion of the clavicle, sternum, and into costocartilage - possibly down to rib 7

I: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

pectoralis minor

A: draw the scapula forward and inferiorly

O: anterior surface of the ribs (3-5)

I: coracoid process of the scapula

serratus anterior

A: protracts, rotates, and holds the scapula against the wall

O: lateral aspect of the ribs almost to rib 9

I: inferior portion of the medial border of the scapula

deltoid

A: prime mover of arm abduction

O: lateral ¼ of the clavicle

I: into the posterior side: acromion process and spine of the scapula

latissimus dorsi

A: adducts the arm, medially rotates, “rowing” and “swimming”

O: indirect attachment to lower 6th thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae by aponeurosis

I: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

trapezius

A: extends the head, raises, rotates, retracts, and stabilizes the scapula

O: occipital bone, ligament of nuchal (nuchal line down to the vertebral column - C7 to thoracic vertebrae)

I: acromion and spinous process of the scapula and lateral 2/3 of the clavicle

teres major

A: extend, medially rotate, and adduct the humerus

O: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

I: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

rhomboid major

A: pull the scapula medially and retraction

O: spinous processes of the C7 to T3

I: medial border of the scapula

rhomboid minor

A: pull the scapula medially and retraction

O: spinous processes of C7 to T3

I: medial border of the scapula

levator scapulae

A: elevate scapula

O: transverse processes of C1 and C4

I: superior portion of the medial border of the scapula

supraspinatus

A: rotation of the humerus and aids in stability

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

infraspinatus

A: rotation of the humerus and aids in stability

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

teres minor

A: rotation of the humerus and aids in stability

O: lateral margin of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

subscapularis

A: rotation of the humerus and aids in stability

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle of the humerus

biceps brachii (short/long head)

• long head runs through the intertubercular sulcus and is more lateral

• short head runs near the coracoid process of the scapula and is more medial

A: flexor of the elbow, supination

O: Short Head - coracoid process

O: Long Head - supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity

I: radial tuberosity

brachialis

A: flexor of the forearm

O: distal portion of the anterior humerus

I: coracoid process of the ulna

brachioradialis

A: synergist in forearm flexion

O: lateral ridge at the distal end of the humerus

I: base of radial styloid process

triceps brachii

A: powerful forearm extension, antagonist of forearm flexion

O: long head - inferior margin of glenoid cavity

O: lateral head - posterior humerus

O: medial head - distal radial groove on posterior humerus

I: olecranon of ulna

anconeus

A: abducts ulna during forearm pronation

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: lateral aspect of olecranon of ulna

pronator teres

A: synergist with pronator quadratus to pronate the forearm

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna

I: midshaft of the radius

flexors of the wrist and digits

A: flex the wrist and fingers

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: many different insertions due to flexion of different fingers and carpals

extensors of the wrist and digits

A: extending the wrist and digits

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: many different insertions

supinator

A: acts with biceps brachii to supinate the forearm

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

I: proximal end of the radius