Pharmacotherapy of Dermatologic Disorders | Module 05 Notes

What is the prevalence of people with a skin, nail, or hair condition?

Approximately 5% of people have a skin, nail, or hair condition.

What are common dermatologic conditions treated with topical therapy?

Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, minor skin infections, and acne.

What is the primary mechanism of drug absorption in the skin?

Passive diffusion is the primary method of drug movement.

What layer of the skin acts as the major barrier to drug penetration?

The stratum corneum acts as the major barrier to drug penetration.

What are the three routes of drug penetration in the skin?

Transappendageal route, intracellular lipid route, and transcellular route.

What factors affect drug absorption from topical applications?

Site of application, skin integrity, infection presence, drug concentration, and vehicle type.

What is the role of a vehicle in drug absorption?

The vehicle modulates drug release, alters skin barrier properties, and increases drug solubility.

Which topical formulation is generally more potent: ointments, creams, or lotions?

Ointments are generally more potent than creams, which are more potent than lotions.

What is the effect of occlusion on drug absorption?

Occlusion increases skin hydration and temperature, enhancing drug penetration and absorption.

What are common local side effects of topical drug treatments?

Irritation, allergic reactions, skin atrophy, acne, and telangiectasia.

What is the main action of benzoyl peroxide in acne treatment?

It acts as an antibacterial agent killing Cutibacterium acnes and offers mild comedolytic, keratolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects.

What should be the first-line treatment for mild acne?

Benzoyl peroxide or a topical retinoid.

What is a common systemic treatment for moderate to severe acne?

Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline or minocycline.

What is the primary treatment objective in managing eczematous dermatitis?

Eliminate inflammation, prevent or treat infection, and restore the skin barrier.

What are the types of atopic dermatitis based on age presentation?

Infantile, childhood, and adult atopic dermatitis.

What are the benefits of using Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) for dermatitis?

They do not carry a risk of skin atrophy and are suitable for sensitive areas.

What medication is commonly used for impetigo?

Topical antibiotics, primarily mupirocin.

What is a significant concern about using systemic antibiotics for acne treatment?

Growing antibiotic resistance, particularly with macrolides.

What role do corticosteroids play in dermatologic therapy?

Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response in various skin conditions.

What are the common uses of topical antifungals?

Topical antifungals are used to treat superficial fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and yeast infections.

What is the significance of pH in topical formulations?

The pH of topical formulations affects skin irritation, drug stability, and absorption.

How does hydration affect the stratum corneum?

Hydration increases the permeability of the stratum corneum, enhancing drug absorption.

What is the purpose of using emollients in skin care?

Emollients help moisturize the skin, restore barrier function, and reduce dryness and irritation.

What are common adverse effects of topical corticosteroids?

Common adverse effects include skin thinning, stretch marks, and tachyphylaxis.

What is the importance of patient adherence in topical treatment?

Patient adherence is crucial for the effectiveness of topical treatments, as improper use can lead to treatment failure.

What is the impact of skin temperature on drug absorption?

Increased skin temperature can enhance drug penetration and absorption.

What type of topical formulation is best for dry skin?

Ointments are often preferred for dry skin due to their occlusive properties.

What is the treatment approach for psoriasis?

The treatment can include topical therapies (like corticosteroids), phototherapy, and systemic medications.