Rhetorical Fallacies

Strawman

when someone misrepresents or exaggerates another person’s argument tomake it easier to attack

False cause-

when somebody falsely assumes that there is a connection between two seperate events when there is not

Ad hominem-

attacking a person on something that relates to their character and not their argument

Con Artist’s-

because someone is less capable than others or have disabillites that make them less able at something, they automatically deserve less inlife, and are allowed to b e vicimize/discriminated

Slippery Slope-

an argumen that claims one initial event will trigger a series of other events and lead to an extreme outcome

Actions have Consequences-

when someone assumes that because one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second. Involves oversimplfying the relationship between actions and outcomes????

Tu Quoque-

when someone neglects the other viewer’s criticisms by accusing the other side of appearing hypocritical

Appeal to Authority-

someone refers to an “experts” opinion to back their claim

The composition-

when you assume parts or members of something will have the same properties based on assumptions which leads to wrong conclusion

Affective/Romantic-

fallacy of pathos based on the notion that on’es emotions or “feelings” are natural and are above challenge or criticism

Alphabet Soup-

deliberate and excessive use f acronyms and abbreviations to appear more knowledgeable in the subject or confuse others

False Dilemma-

presents a person with 2 options although there may be more available. Intends to control the outcome by making one options seem worse than the other

The Big “But”-

reasoning misconception where someone engages in a valid point but then dimisses the point with “but”.

Anecdotal-

people use their limited personal experience to make a conclusion on a given topic

Brainwashing-

the act of changing the beliefs of a person by repeatedly telling them that what they believe is false

Confirmation Bias-

the tendency to seek out and interpret information that aligns with and confirms your beliefs on a certain topic

Gaslighting-

someone psychologically manipulates another person to question reality so they end up dependent on the manipulator

Post Hoc-

assuming that one event causes another event because they happened one after another

Red Herring-

something that distracts or misleads the audience fromthe question that is being asked and it leads audience to false conclusion that does not answer the question

Redutionism-

oversimplifying a complex issue by reducing it to one or a few aspects, ignoring its full complexity

Scapegoating-

blaming a person or group that did not cause the problem, for the problem being experienced.

There is no alternative (TINA)

used to falsify a situation by altering a persons perspective in order to make their arguments appear to be the onlt feasible answer as “There is no alternative”

Texas Sharpshooter-

when someone presents similarities, ignoring differences or randomness

Diminshed responsibility-

someone tries to avoid blame by saying it wasn’t really their fault, when it was

Circular argument-

argument moves in a circle, each part of an argument rely on the truthfulness of the other parts

The sunk cost-

the tendency to continue doing something we’ve uinvested in even though giving up is clearly the better decision

Appeal to ignorance-

if there is no evidence to disprove something it must be true

Appeal to pity-

occurs when soeone attempts to persuade others by provoking feeling of guilt or pity.

Bandwagon-

someone believes that a claim must be true because a large group of people say it is

Blind loyalty-

any argument or action a respected leader or person of authority says or does is always right

Blood is Thicker Than Water-

is when people prioritize family and overlooks how valuable other relationships can be, choosing family over logic

Default Bias-

someone already has a cognitive or decide opinion based off of one’s past experiences

Shifting the burden of proof-

change the responsibility of proving or disproving a point from one party to the other party