NCE Self-Check Quizzes

b

The American Counseling Association was originally named

a. American Association of Counseling and Development.

b. American Personnel and Guidance Association.

c. National Vocational Guidance Association.

d. American Counseling Association.

a

When working with an 8-year-old child in a nonschool setting, it is commonly necessary to obtain

a. assent from the child and informed consent from the parent.

b. informed consent from only the child.

c. informed consent from only the parent.

d. informed consent from both the child and the parent.

d

The Buckley Amendment is also known as the

a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

b. Section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act.

c. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act.

d. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.

c

When a client discloses that she has been a victim of elder abuse, counselors

a. should refer to consent laws within their particular state.

b. are encouraged to contact protective services immediately.

c. are commonly mandated to report to law enforcement.

d. should review guidelines set forth by HIPAA.

b

Each of the following statements is correct EXCEPT

a. licensure was created to protect the public.

b. counselors who hold a license from one state have reciprocity in every other state.

c. Virginia was the first state to license counselors.

d. the requirements for acquiring licensure vary from state to state.

d

CRCC certifies the following type of counselor.

a. Clinical mental health counselors

b. School counselors

c. Addictions counselors

d. Rehabilitation counselors

b

The mental health practitioners who most commonly administer psychological testing are

a. psychiatrists.

b. psychologists.

c. social workers.

d. psychiatric nurses.

c

Shawna, a college sophomore, would like support with her inability to focus in class. She is most encouraged to work with which of the following types of counselor?

a. school counselor

b. college admissions counselor

c. college counselor

d. psychoanalyst

a

By license, all __________ can prescribe medication to their clients.

a. psychiatrists

b. psychologists

c. professional counselors

d. social workers

a

Kismari earned a master’s degree in a school counseling program and has three years of supervised work experience. In her work, she has helped students process bullying, handle family issues,and prepare for college applications. While this has been a common experience for her and her former classmates, the school counseling field

a. was initially primarily dedicated to providing vocational guidance.

b. usually works more closely with the juvenile justice department.

c. approaches work with individuals from a systems theory perspective.

d. is committed to affecting public policy.

b

The __________ is not a founding member of ACA.

a. Association for Humanistic Counseling (AHC)

b. American School Counselor Association (ASCA)

c. National Career Development Association (NCDA)

d. Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES)

d

The most recently established division of ACA is

a. Association for Creativity in Counseling (ACC).

b. Counselors for Social Justice (CSJ).

c. Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC).

d. Association for Child and Adolescent Counseling (ACAC).

a

NECA and NCDA are both professional associations devoted to the specialization of

a. career counseling.

b. rehabilitation counseling.

c. college counseling.

d. marriage and family counseling.

c

The Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC) began as an association for counselors who were

a. Jewish.

b. Protestant.

c. Catholic.

d. Baptist.

b

Lamar is interested in joining a professional organization that fosters scholarship and excellence in the counseling profession. Which of the following organizations would be most suitable for him to join?

a. American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB)

b. Chi Sigma Iota (CSI)

c. National Career Development Association (NCDA)

d. Counseling Scholarship Association (CSA)

c

A counselor who receives both a subpoena and a court order must

a. assert privilege.

b. request that the client’s attorney immediately file a motion to quash.

c. provide the court with the appropriate information or be held in contempt of court.

d. only comply with the court order.

a

Libel is all of the following, EXCEPT

a. the intentional spreading of falsehoods through spoken word.

b. the intentional spreading of falsehood through writing.

c. a type of defamation.

d. addressed by tort law.

b

An ethical principle that encourages counselors to actively promote the welfare of their clients is known as

a. justice.

b. beneficence.

c. autonomy.

d. fidelity.

d

Claudia is considering friending a client on Facebook to augment their counseling sessions. According to the ACA Code of Ethics, personal virtual relationships between counselors and former clients are

a. allowed if the virtual relationship is beneficial to counseling.

b. allowed if the counselor maintains separate personal and professional profiles.

c. allowed if both the client and counselor agree to use social media.

d. never allowed.

a

When counselors are unable to use encryption software while performing distance counseling, they are ethically required to

a. refrain from providing their services over the Internet.

b. be extra careful with any information they store on their computer.

c. use code words to identify their clients.

d. tell their clients, but offer the services anyway.

a

Labeling clients as resistant because they do not make eye contact during a counseling session might be an example of

a. cultural encapsulation.

b. emic perspective.

c. chronemics.

d. enculturation.

b

An individual fidgeting during a counseling session is an example of what form of nonverbal communication?

a. Chronemics

b. Kinesics

c. Context communication

d. Proxemics

d

After spending five years in the United States, Maya believes she no longer belongs in her home culture and does not fit in the host culture. Which acculturation model best describes her acculturation level?

a. Assimilation

b. Biculturalism

c. Separation

d. Marginalization

a

The worldview that the environment is accountable for the consequences that occur is best captured by which of Sue’s (1978) dimensions?

a. Locus of responsibility

b. Locus of control

c. Activity

d. Relationship to nature

c

Which of the following statements is least likely true about the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies framework (Ratts et al., 2015)?

a. The counseling relationship domain refers to the process of a counselor and client navigating their degree of power associated with cultural identity statuses to develop an effective working alliance.

b. The client worldview domain includes standards that promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action.

c. The counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes standards that promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action.

d. The counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes intrapersonal actions that support social justice.

d

The faith that focuses on karma and the deity Brahman is

a. Buddhism.

b. Taoism.

c. Islam.

d. Hinduism.

b

Erika is able to meet current expenses, can plan for her financial future, but is not necessarily wealthy. Which socioeconomic status most likely describes her?

a. Upper class

b. Middle class

c. Working class

d. Underclass

d

The view that one’s own culture is preferential to evaluate another’s culture is called

a. classism.

b. racism.

c. colorism.

d. ethnocentrism

a

Robert, biologically a male at birth, has presented to counseling to help him process his feelings associated with being more aligned with traditionally feminine characteristics. Which of the following orientation categories would LEAST likely describe Robert?

a. Homosexual

b. Questioning

c. Transgender

d. Transgender and Gender Nonconforming

a

Tertiary oppression is

a. internalized oppression.

b. not helping another who is being oppressed.

c. committing covert acts of oppression.

d. benefiting from oppression.

b

A resilience characteristic is

a. using substances to keep oneself calm from discrimination.

b. having a supportive social network.

c. living in an unsafe community.

d. not being able to bounce back.

d

White privilege typically includes each of the following EXCEPT

a. seeing one’s race represented positively in the media.

b. being able to obtain work easily.

c. being free from much oppression based on race.

d. being discriminated against due to being in the majority.

c

An example of institutional racism is most likely which of the following?

a. Lack of use of African American designs in modern architecture

b. Placing a Latino student in a special education course because a teacher views his English as inferior

c. Limited representation of positively represented people of color in history textbooks

d. Portraying Jesus in the Christian faith as White only

b

Working for the collective good of society refers to which tenet of social justice?

a. Equity

b. Harmony

c. Access

d. Participation

b

Which identity development model includes Encounter, Immersion–Emersion, and Internalization as some of its statuses?

a. McCarn and Fassinger’s lesbian and gay identity development model

b. Cross’s Nigrescence model

c. Hardiman’s White racial identity development model

d. Helms’s White racial identity development model

d

According to Helms’ racial interaction theory, a racial interaction in which an individual of a lower racial identity status holds more social power over an individual would be considered a(n)

a. parallel interaction.

b. progressive interaction.

c. autonomous interaction.

d. regressive interaction.

d

Which of the following best describes the developmental issues of feminist identity development models?

a. Women must relinquish their gender privilege.

b. Men are to actively commit to support networks that include women.

c. Women are to accept traditional gender roles for men and women.

d. Women grow psychologically as they address sexism.

c

One of the most popular s3xual identity development models that was often used in developing other identity development models was developed by

a. Troiden.

b. Coleman.

c. Cass.

d. Weinberg.

b

Mary becomes angry with God after the death of her close friend, and she questions herself as a spiritual person. What spiritual identity development status (Poll & Smith, 2003) best characterizes Mary?

a. Recognition

b. Awakening

c. Pre-Awakening

d. Integration

a

________ comprise the smallest percentage of the U.S. population.

a. Native Americans

b. African Americans

c. Asian Americans

d. European Americans

d

Filial piety regarding family applies most closely to which cultural group?

a. Latin Americans

b. African Americans

c. Native Americans

d. Asian Americans

b

Kelsey, an African American female, presents for counseling to address dual-career issues with her partner. Which of the following cultural value considerations would least likely be prioritized in counseling?

a. Degree of egalitarianism in the partnership

b. Needs of Kelsey as an independent decision-maker

c. Spiritual support for Kelsey

d. Relationships with extended family and her friends

c

The largest group making up what constitutes Latin Americans is

a. Puerto Ricans.

b. Muslims.

c. Mexicans.

d. Cubans.

c

Which of these statements best characterize the model minority myth?

a. African Americans who are successful serve as an example that racism has decreased over time.

b. People of color can be positive examples for future generations.

c. Asian Americans’ successes are indicators that they do not experience discrimination.

d. Asian Americans are a heterogeneous group.

b

Feelings of hopefulness and captivation of a new culture are part of the ________ phase of culture shock.

a. Crisis

b. Honeymoon

c. Reorientation

d. Resolution

d

A cultural group that typically deals with issues with eating disorders and sexually risky behaviors is

a. international students.

b. older adults.

c. transgender individuals.

d. adolescents.

a

Which of the following does not typically characterize the coming out process?

a. Individuals tend to become involved with the sexual minority community prior to sexual acts.

b. Individuals tend to come out during adolescence.

c. The coming out process is embedded within sexual identity development models.

d. The coming out process involves both self-awareness and disclosure of a sexual minority status.

b

Some common issues affecting ________ clients are grief, loss, physical challenges, and terminal illness.

a. adolescent

b. older adult

c. transgender individuals

d. international clients

b

Counselors should advocate for

a. reparative therapy.

b. acceptance of sexual minorities.

c. pain therapy.

d. conversion therapy

d

The social influence model espouses that a counselor should have ________ for maximum influence.

a. equity

b. creativity

c. spontaneity

d. credibility

b

Two forms of feminism are women of color feminism and Black feminism. What is the difference between the two?

a. There is no difference.

b. Women of color feminism embraces all women, regardless of color, and Black feminism focuses mainly on the oppression of African American women.

c. Women of color feminism embraces all women except Whites, and Black feminism was the main movement in the 1980s and focused on career.

d. Women of color feminism focuses on the oppression of African American women, and Black feminism embraces all women, regardless of color.

a

Motivational interviewing is mainly based on a Rogerian counseling style, but

a. is also directive.

b. focuses heavily on transference and countertransference.

c. is highly confrontational.

d. focuses on the source of problems.

b

Each of the following is correct concerning the acronym OARES, from motivational interviewing, EXCEPT

a. O = Open-Ended Questions.

b. A = Action.

c. R = Reflective Listening.

d. S = Summarize.

a

Motivational interviewing has been primarily used in

a. addictions counseling.

b. feminist counseling.

c. supervision.

d. sociometry.

d

Aging involves growth and change in an organism over time and is categorized as

a. biological.

b. social.

c. psychological.

d. All of the above.

b

Diane is often mistaken for being 10 years younger than her actual age. She says that her youthful glow is from living a carefree life and lots of physical activity. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about biological aging?

a. Biological aging depends on metabolic changes.

b. Biological aging refers to people’s perceptions of how old or young they feel.

c. Biological aging involves anabolism.

d. Biological aging involves catabolism.

a

Part of biological aging, the term catabolism refers to

a. the body’s decline to death from its peak.

b. the body’s development from birth to its peak.

c. the metabolic changes that occur in older adults.

d. None of the above.

b

Intelligence is accounted for mostly by a person’s

a. environment.

b. genetics.

c. genetics and environment in equal parts.

d. educational level.

c

Nature versus nurture has been a controversial topic in developmental psychology. Today, epigenetic theorists emphasize the importance of

a. nature.

b. nurture.

c. the combination of nature and nurture.

d. None of the above.

b

The brain usually reaches its adult weight by the time a person is

a. 12 years old.

b. 16 years old.

c. 44 years old.

d. 64 years old.

a

The brain is divided into three parts. The most primitive part of the brain is the

a. hindbrain.

b. midbrain.

c. forebrain.

d. cerebral cortex

c

Different parts and structures within the brain are responsible for various functions. The ________ is responsible for regulating arousal and attention.

a. medulla oblongata

b. cerebellum

c. reticular activating system

d. hypothalamus

c

As genetic screening becomes more prominent, it is important for counselors to be knowledgeable about different classes and examples of genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is classified as

a. an X-linked disease.

b. a sex chromosomal disorder.

c. an autosomal disorder.

d. none of the above.

d

Professional counselors must be familiar with common examplesof genetic disorders. Males born with an extra X chromosome have

a. Turner syndrome.

b. Tay-Sachs disease.

c. phenylketonuria.

d. Klinefelter’s syndrome.

c

Classical conditioning is a type of stimulus-response learning theory. Recall Ivan Pavlov’s well-known studies on the salivation of dogs when presented with food powder. In his famous experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was

a. the salivation.

b. the meat powder.

c. the bell, buzzer, or tone.

d. None of the above.

b

In classical conditioning, when people present a conditioned stimulus at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus, they are using

a. backward conditioning.

b. simultaneous conditioning.

c. retroactive conditioning.

d. delayed conditioning.

d

In classical conditioning, the temporal relationship between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus is important. The effectiveness of the conditioning depends on how and when either stimulus is presented. Which of the following is the most successful form of conditioning?

a. Backward conditioning

b. Simultaneous conditioning

c. Retroactive conditioning

d. Delayed conditioning

a

John is extremely stressed about his upcoming statistics test. His counselor suggests that he try imagining that he is at a lake fishing for the day. John does so and begins to feel better. Which of the following people developed the principle of reciprocal inhibition, which means that a person cannot engage in two mutually exclusive events simultaneously?

a. Joseph Wolpe

b. John B. Watson

c. Albert Bandura

d. Edward L. Thorndike

d

Ethan is two years old. After watching his mother wrinkle her nose at items she disliked, he began picking up items and showing them to his grandparents. “That’s nasty!” he would inform them. Which of the following people developed social learning theory, which is based on the principle that people learn through observation, imitation, and modeling?

a. Ivan Pavlov

b. B. F. Skinner

c. John B. Watson

d. Albert Bandura

a

Two Indian American men referred to their neighbor as Chinese. Their neighbor became annoyed and corrected them saying, “I’m Filipino! Get it right.” The two men were surprised they were scolded. One said to the other, “Probably the Chinese and Filipinos are part of different castes. That must be why he is offended.” According to Piaget, these neighbors are involved in the process of adaptation known as

a. assimilation.

b. accommodation.

c. symbolic representation.

d. All of the above.

a

Billy is an infant who is playing with his father. His father takes a ball and hides it behind his back. Billy laughs and begins to search for the ball. Billy is in the ________ stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

a. sensorimotor

b. preoperational

c. concrete operational

d. formal operational

c

Animism refers to

a. only being able to focus on one aspect of a problem at a time.

b. thinking that humans created everything in the world.

c. giving life to lifeless objects.

d. the belief that actions cannot be reversed.

d

Individuals can think logically and abstractly when they reach the ________ stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

a. sensorimotor

b. preoperational

c. concrete operational

d. formal operational

b

Devin is 17-years-old and drives over the speed limit without wearing seatbelts. When his girlfriend complains, he tells her there is no way they can get hurt. “Sweetie, I’m a great driver, and I promise I’d never drive any faster than I can handle.” It’s likely that Devin

a. has an imaginary audience.

b. has created a personal fable.

c. is engaged in magical thinking.

d. is using divergent thinking.

b

Noam Chomsky’s theory of language development is considered to be a(n)

a. learning theory approach.

b. nativist approach.

c. interactionist approach.

d. epigenetic approach.

c

Language rules that transcend specific languages and cultures are called

a. surface structures.

b. global structures.

c. deep structures.

d. intrinsic structures.

b

How many morphemes does the word “books” have?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

a

The appropriate use of grammar is the definition of

a. syntax.

b. pragmatics.

c. semantics.

d. phonology.

d

When do babies become adept at holophrasing?

a. Approximately 8 months of age

b. Approximately 10 months of age

c. Approximately 1 year of age

d. Approximately 1½ years of age

c

Freud believed that fixation results from

a. overgratification.

b. undergratification.

c. both overgratification and undergratification.

d. None of the above.

a

Erikson would consider a normal 4-year-old child to be in the ________ stage of personality development.

a. Initiative vs. Guilt

b. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

c. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

d. Industry vs. Inferiority

b

Desiree is an obedient daughter who wants to make sure her family approves of her choices. At school, she has always felt more comfortable following the rules than rebelling. She is in the ________ stage of Loevinger’s ego development theory.

a. integrated

b. conformist

c. self-awareness

d. conscientious

d

According to Maslow, before people can meet their needs for esteem, they must meet their need for

a. safety.

b. belongingness.

c. survival (physiological needs).

d. All of the above.

c

Claire is three years old. When her mother leaves for work in the morning, she cries so loud and for so long that her grandparents shut all the apartment windows and doors. They fear that their neighbors will suspect child abuse. When Claire’s mother returns, Claire clings to her leg as she does her house chores for the evening. Claire would be considered by Mary Ainsworth to display

a. secure attachment.

b. avoidant attachment.

c. ambivalent attachment.

d. disorganized attachment.

b

Frankie and Margot are in their twenties and thirties, respectively. They are probably in the ________ level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

a. preconventional

b. conventional

c. postconventional

d. None of the above

a

Individuals who adhere to moral standards to satisfy their own personal desires are in Kohlberg’s ________ stage of moral development.

a. instrumental hedonism

b. “good boy, good girl”

c. obedience and punishment

d. law and order

c

People who are in the conventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development may do all of the following EXCEPT follow the rules

a. to avoid societal disapproval.

b. to avoid familial disapproval.

c. agreed on through a democratic process.

d. so that law and order can be maintained.

c

A woman who balances her personal needs with those of others is in the ________ stage of Gilligan’s theory of moral development.

a. goodness as self-sacrifice

b. orientation to individual survival

c. morality of nonviolence

d. All of the above

b

Millie takes her younger brother’s cookie and begins to eat it. When her mother explains that stealing cookies is not allowed in their house, she crushes the cookie in her brother’s hand. Her mother is exasperated but knows that Millie doesn’t understand the reason for this rule. Millie is in the ________ stage of Piaget’s theory of moral development.

a. premoral

b. moral realism

c. moral relativism

d. moral orientation

a

According to Gesell, human development is PRIMARILY due to

a. genetics.

b. nurture.

c. the environment.

d. None of the above

b

Havighurst believed that relating to one’s spouse as a person is a developmental task of

a. young adulthood.

b. middle age.

c. late maturity.

d. All of the above.

a

In Havighurst’s model of human development, many of the earlier (childhood) tasks are

a. biologically determined.

b. socially determined.

c. culturally determined.

d. psychologically determined.

c

In Gould’s theory of adult development, adults must do each of the following EXCEPT

a. refute false assumptions.

b. decrease parental dependency.

c. increase spousal dependency.

d. increase self-reliance.

a

Peck’s theory of adult development is an expansion of

a. Erikson’s psychosocial theory.

b. Freud’s psychosexual theory.

c. Havighurst’s developmental task approach.

d. Gould’s adult development theory.

c

Jody and Chuck are getting married. Neither have been married before, but Chuck has two children from a previous relationship. Jody gets along very well with the children and has known the older of the two since she was three years old. What percentage of first marriages end in divorce?

a. ~30%

b. ~40%

c. ~50%

d. ~60%

b

During the ________ stage of family development, it is most important for boundaries to become more flexible.

a. welcoming children into the family

b. raising adolescents

c. launching

d. later family life

a

Children of permissive parents often become all of the following EXCEPT

a. rebellious.

b. aggressive.

c. self-centered.

d. irresponsible.

b

Parents who enforce a set standard of conduct and frequently use physical punishment to control their children are

a. authoritative.

b. authoritarian.

c. uninvolved.

d. permissive.

c

Romel and Janissa announced that they planned to get divorced. Janissa spoke to her mother and said their problems had been occurring for a while, and she realized these problems were insurmountable. Today, a couple’s divorce is most commonly blamed on

a. domestic abuse.

b. substance abuse.

c. incompatibility.

d. All of the above.

d

Lydia was 28 years old when her daughter fell ill and died from food contaminated with E. Coli. She began attending a group for parents who are grieving a child, but she still has a difficult time coping. Lydia’s loss is a

a. developmental crisis.

b. psychiatric crisis.

c. existential crisis.

d. situational crisis.