AP Euro chapter 14

The final military action of the Crimean War was

located ________.

A. in the region of Alsace and Lorraine, bordering

the French and German border

B. off the coast of Britain, in the English Channel

C. near the Danube River in southern Germany

D. along the coast of the Black Sea and at the

Russian fortress of Sevastopol

D

Why did Great Britain and France align

themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the

Crimean War?

A. They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern

Mediterranean where they had naval and

commercial interests.

B. They feared losing control of holy places in

Palestine.

C. They supported the Ottoman Empire's reasons

for going to war.

D. They feared Russia's expansion plans would

eventually reach their lands.

A

Who were the Young Turks?

A. a group of reformist officers who wanted to

preserve the Ottoman Empire's traditions

B. a group of reformist officers who wanted to

modernize the Ottoman Empire

C. young members of the Ottoman Empire's army

who were training to become military officers

D. an elite group of military officers who conducted

covert surveillance against radicals

B

The Ottoman Empire's constitution of 1876

________.

A. called for a parliament

B. limited the powers of the sultan

C. was a first step toward democracy

D. called for a chamber of deputies appointed by the

sultan

A

The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________.

A. banned the practice of Christianity within the

Ottoman Empire

B. banned the practice of Judaism within the

Ottoman Empire

C. extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects

regardless of their religion

D. required Christians and Jews to convert to Islam

C

The Hatt-i Hümayun ________.

A. gave non-Muslims equal opportunities for state

employment and state schools

B. excluded non-Muslims from state employment

C. excluded non-Muslims from state schools

D. excluded non-Muslims from military obligations

A

The Italian peninsula was transformed into a

nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by

________.

A. 1850

B. 1855

C. 1860

D. 1865

C

Count Camillo Cavour was a ________.

A. fanatical Catholic

B. fervent democrat

C. socialist

D. strong monarchist

D

Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi

________.

A. conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to

establish an Italian republic

B. used secret diplomacy to further their political

ambitions

C. helped to restore the kingdom of Piedmont as a

buffer between France and Austria

D. were the driving forces behind the Congress of

Vienna

A

The two houses of the North German

Confederation were the ________.

A. Dem Deutschen Volke and Bundestag

B. Reichstag and Parliament

C. Parliament and Bundestag

D. Bundesrat and Reichstag

D

The Paris Commune was composed of

________.

A. genuine proletarians

B. radicals and socialists

C. strict communists

D. socialists and anarchists

B

Which of these ruled the French Second Empire?

A. Napoleon III

B. Napoleon Bonaparte

C. Louis XVIII

D. Adolphe Thiers

A

One of the objectives of the Paris Commune was

to ________.

A. administer Paris separately from the rest of

France

B. persuade the government to move the capital

back to Paris

C. combat anti-Semitism in Paris

D. infiltrate the government and military in order to

liberate Paris from France

A

One of the accomplishments of the Third

Republic was the creation of a ________, elected

by universal male suffrage.

A. king

B. prime minister

C. senate

D. Chamber of Deputies

D

The Hungarians accepted which of the

following?

A. the Compromise of 1867

B. the February Patent

C. the October Diploma

D. a federation of states

A

Which of the following instituted the most

extensive restructuring of Russian society and

administration since Peter the Great?

A. Alexander II

B. Alexander III

C. Nicholas I

D. Nicholas II

A

Which of the following distinguished Russia

from the rest of Europe in the 1800s, but was

ended in February 1861?

A. bourgeoisie

B. serfdom

C. conscription

D. legalism

B

Following the January Insurrection of 1863,

________ was treated as merely another Russian

province.

A. Finland

B. Lithuania

C. Poland

D. Latvia

C

In 1850, all males in Russia were subject to

military service for ________ years.

A. 18

B. 19

C. 25

D. 21

C

One of the flaws of Russia's new legal system,

which was modeled after Western legal

principles, was that ________.

A. it did not allow for trial by jury

B. it did not consider all accused parties equal

before the law

C. the tsar could overrule the judge's sentence

D. the tsar could elect to hear a trial

C

In 1863, ________ nationalists unsuccessfully

attempted to overthrow Russian dominance.

A. German

B. Czech

C. Polish

D. Japanese

C

The Ballot Act of 1872 introduced ________.

A. universal male suffrage

B. suffrage to Caucasian males without Anglican

religious requirements

C. a literacy poll for voting requirements

D. voting by secret ballot

D

24. The leader of Ireland's movement for home rule

in the late 1800s was ________.

A. William Gladstone

B. Charles Stewart Parnell

C. Benjamin Disraeli

D. Daniel O'Connell

B

Who shepherded the Second Reform Act of

1867?

A. Benjamin Disraeli

B. William Gladstone

C. Lord Derby

D. Lord Russell

A

Irish home rule passed the House of Lords in

________.

A. 1914

B. 1886

C. 1892

D. 1912

A

The Crimean War was rooted in the ________.

A. desire for unification of all German-speaking

people

B. hopes of the Italian people for unification on the

peninsula

C. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its

influence over the Ottoman Empire

D. British desire to dominate all eastern trade

C

The Crimean War was the first to ________.

A. utilize modern trench warfare

B. engineer and use early airplanes

C. be covered by war correspondents and

photographers

D. issue modern mess kits, including penicillin

C

For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean

War, European affairs were ________.

A. relatively stable as countries respected the

Vienna settlement

B. tumultuous as countries adapted to shifts in

power

C. unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the

great powers had less reverence for the Vienna

settlement

D. stable as countries joined forces to prevent

another war

C

Which of these describes the military operations

of the Crimean War?

A. The British and French troops were superior to

those of the Ottomans and Russians.

B. The Russian troops were superior to all other

forces.

C. The Ottoman troops were superior to all other

forces.

D. All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and

poorly commanded.

D

Which element of nineteenth-century European

order was destroyed by the Crimean War?

A. the split between Orthodox Christians and

Roman Catholics

B. the Concert of Europe

C. multinational empires

D. the myth of Prussian invincibility

B

Issued as a decree from the sultan, the Hatt-i

Sharif of Gülhane attempted to ________.

A. formally annex Serbia and all Slavic peoples to

the Ottoman Empire

B. reorganize the empire's administration and

military along European lines

C. pressure bureaucrats to recognize only

Christianity as a legitimate religion

D. democratize the Ottoman Empire

B

What event(s) demonstrated the Ottoman

Empire's inability to regain its former power?

A. the Balkan wars of the late 1870s

B. the Crimean War

C. the Treaty of Paris

D. the issuing of the Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane

A

The most important nationalist leader in Europe,

who brought new fervor to the hopes of Italian

nationalism and unification in the 1830s and

1840s, was ________.

A. Giuseppe Mazzini

B. Francisco Franco

C. Giuseppe Garibaldi

D. Camillo Cavour

A

Count Camillo Cavour's methods to achieve

Italian unification would best coincide with

which philosopher's ideology?

A. Locke

B. Machiavelli

C. Robespierre

D. Descartes

B

A formal treaty in December 1858 confirmed an

agreement between Count Camillo Cavour and

Napoleon III that would ________.

A. provoke a war in Italy which would in turn

permit Italy and France to defeat Austria

B. overthrow Mazzini and allow direct Italian

unification, with French assistance

C. defeat the Russians at Sevastopol with Italian

and French forces

D. spark revolution in Austria

A

In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange

for ________.

A. Italy's formal recognition of Prussia as an

independent nation-state

B. Italy's alliance with Prussia in the Austro-

Prussian War

C. Italy's military aid to the Prussians in the

Crimean War

D. recognition of papal authority in central Italy

B

Bismarck embraced the cause of German

nationalism ________.

A. as a strategy to enable Prussian conservatives to

outflank Prussian liberals

B. as a means of deterring a French invasion with a

growing military force

C. in hopes of supporting a larger population to

undergo European dominance

D. as a political move to solicit an Italian ally in a

forthcoming war against Austria

A

Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by

________.

A. denying Austrian claims at the Convention of

Gastein

B. defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks' War

C. encouraging and succeeding in an Italian defeat

of Austria

D. gaining European-wide support for its policies

C.

In the 1860s, Napoleon III made concessions to

the liberals ________.

A. to compensate for his failures in foreign policy

B. to stifle growing calls for a revolution

C. to deflect attention away from his failures in

domestic reforms

D. in an attempt to suppress a military coup

A

Emperor Francis Joseph's scheme for centralized

administration of the Habsburg Empire meant

that the government was dominated by

________.

A. Russians

B. liberals

C. Hungarians

D. German-speaking Austrians

D

Austria-Hungary's formation of a dual monarchy

in 1867 ________.

A. meant greater Austrian control of Hungary

B. meant that a Magyar occupied the Hungarian

throne

C. meant that Austria and Hungary became virtually

separate states

D. enabled Austria-Hungary to become a major

imperial power in Africa

C

Which of the following groups would have

supported the Ausgleich of 1867?

A. Czechs

B. Hungarians

C. Romanians

D. Croatians

B

Czech "trialism" was vetoed and argued against

because ________.

A. Francis Joseph was not willing to accept the

concept

B. the Magyars believed they might be forced to

make similar concessions to their own subject

nationalities

C. the Germans in the empire would lose standing

D. there was little public support for it in Bohemia

B

The Balkan tensions of the late 1800s ________.

A. helped to spark the First World War

B. decreased as national groups linked themselves

to established states

C. were a major source of political instability in

Western Europe

D. were a result of conflicts between the Habsburg

and Ottoman empires

A

The Russian government responded to radical

revolutionary groups that emerged in the late

1800s by ________.

A. meeting with them to hear their concerns

B. making limited concessions

C. increasing repression

D. introducing liberal reforms

C

What motivated Alexander II to abolish

serfdom?

A. socialist ideas about oppression

B. socialist ideas about land ownership

C. classical economist ideas about labor

D. belief that serfdom would hold Russia back

D

Russian peasants responded to young

revolutionaries who tried to win their support for

social reforms based on the communal life of

peasants by ________.

A. embracing their cause and joining the revolution

B. accepting their ideas but expressing skepticism

for their methods

C. engaging in violent conflicts with the

revolutionaries

D. turning the revolutionaries over to the police

D

Refer to the essay "The Arrival of Penny

Postage." How did the changes in the British

postal service affect the quantity of mail and the

size of the government work force?

A. Both the quantity of mail and the size of the

government work force rose.

B. The size of the government work force rose to

prevent mail fraud, and the mail quantity

decreased.

C. The new changes did not affect the size of the

government, but the quantity of mail rose

significantly.

D. The new changes did not affect the quantity of

mail, but the size of government increased

significantly.

A

Gladstone's ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed

the culmination of ________.

A. staunch conservatism

B. classical British liberalism

C. radical socialism

D. renowned republicanism

B

Ireland played the same role in British politics

that ________did in Habsburg politics.

A. Hungary

B. Austria

C. Prussia

D. Poland

A

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire were, in general,

_______.

A. implementations of Sharia law

B. unsuccessful

C. intended to align the empire with Russia

D. westernizing

D

The most important political development in

Europe between 1848 and 1914 was ________.

A. the leadership of Bismarck

B. German unification

C. Russian defeat in the Crimean War

D. Italy's alliance with Prussia against Austria

B

Which of the following statements about

Napoleon III is true?

A. Napoleon III was killed in the Battle of Sedan.

B. Napoleon III was victorious at the Battle of

Sedan.

C. Napoleon III died in exile in 1873.

D. Napoleon III was considered the greatest of all

European leaders of the nineteenth century.

C

Why was 1860 considered a turning point during

the reign of Napoleon III?

A. It marked the shift from a liberal empire into an

authoritative empire.

B. It marked the shift from an authoritative empire

into a liberal empire.

C. It was the year Napoleon III gained control of the

legislature.

D. It was the year Napoleon III permitted labor

unions.

B

William Gladstone disestablished the Church of

Ireland for what reason?

A. to eliminate the church's competition with the

Church of England

B. as a blow to Irish nationalists

C. as a concession to Irish nationalism

D. to begin the process of Irish home rule

C