APES unit 2 intro to ecosystems

species richness

# of species in an ecosystem

species evenness

measure of relative abundance of species in an ecosystem

genetic diversity

total # of genetic traits in the genetic makeup of a species

habitat diversity

total number of habitats in an environment

population bottleneck

event that drastically reduces the size of a population and reduces genetic diversity

species diversity

# of species in an ecosystem and the relative abundance of each species

fundamental niche

full range of abiotic conditions that an organism can survive under

realized niche

set of abiotic and biotic conditions actually used by an organism after biotic interactions, like competition, etc

functional redundancy

species loss is compensated by other species contributing similarly to functioning

resistance

ability to remain "essentially unchanged" when subject to disturbance

resilience

able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions

range of tolerance

limits to abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate

biodiversity includes

genetic, species, and habitat diversity

generalist species

species that can live under a wide range of abiotic and biotic conditions

specialist species

species that is specialized to a specific range of abiotic and biotic conditions to live in

founder effect

few individuals from a mainland population colonize a new area and represent only a subset of the genotypes present in the mainland population

bottleneck effect

a population experiences an event that decreases the size of the population and leaves a subset of genotypes, less genetic diversity than before the event