Exam 4 Study Guide: Neuroanatomy (SPAUD210)

billions

how many neurons are in the nervous system?

nervous system

where does the transmitting of info happen?

soma

what is the cell body of a neuron called?

soma

cell body

axon

dendrite

myelin sheath

fatty coverings

nodes of Ranvier

spots where you don’t have myelin sheath, where impulses jump

away

which way do axons transmit info from the cell body?

toward

which way do dendrites transmit info from the cell body?

multiple sclerosis (MS)

what diseases can be caused by when the myelin sheath starts deteriorating?

the myelin sheath

speeds up conduction of chemoelectric impulse

what the myelin sheath is made of in the CNS and PNS

1. oligodendrocytes (CNS)
2. Schwann cells (PNS)

no

do reflexes involve the brain?

dorsal root

what channel does the sensory nervous system take?

ventral root

what channel does the motor nervous system take?

spinal reflex arc

another name for “knee-jerk reflex”

2 kinds of reflexes

1. spinal reflex arc (knee-jerk reflex)
2. withdrawal (flexor reflex/polysynaptic)

withdrawal reflex

reflex where you use an extensor muscle, then feel something, then use the flexor muscle and turn off the extensor muscle

inhibitory interneuron

what turns off the extensor muscle for withdrawal

ganglion

a group of neurons outside the CNS (cell bodies)

nucleus

a group of neurons (cell bodies) within the CNS

nerve

group of nerve fibers (axons) outside the CNS

tract

group of nerve fibers (axons) within the CNS

white

color of nerves and tracts

sensory ending

what do sensory neurons have that is sensitive to chemical and physical stimuli

interneurons

connect other neurons to each other, are only in the CNS

interneurons

neurons that produce a response (active muscles/glands)

upper motor neuron

nerve located entirely within the central nervous system

lower motor neuron

motor neuron in the peripheral nervous system with it’s nerve fiber extending out to the muscle and only it’s cell body in the central nervous system

funiculi

anatomical division of a large column of white matter

types of funiliculus

1. dorsal funiculus

2. lateral funiculus

3. ventral funiculus

tracts

within each column of funiculus you have multiple