Bioenergetics

ATP transfers ___________ from one molecule to another.

energy

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What is needed for aerobic cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen

What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP

Approximately how many ATP are produced during aerobic respiration?

36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule

What element is required by the mitochondria to produce ATP?

oxygen

What products are produced during cellular respiration other than ATP?

carbon dioxide and water

Respiration that requires oxygen is called:

aerobic respiration

Respiration that does not require oxygen is called:

anaerobic respiration

What is the role of cellular respiration?

break down glucose and other food molecules to release energy in the form of ATP (live, grow, and reproduce)

Glucose is split 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules during which process?

glycolysis

When oxygen is not present, animals are able to perform __________ to produce a small amount of ATP.

anaerobic respiration or fermentation. which includes glycolysis, allows cells to continue generating ATP even when oxygen is limited. 

What is the main purpose of anaerobic respiration in living organisms?

to provide a source of energy when oxygen is limited or absent

What type of anaerobic respiration occurs in yeast during the production of bread and alcohol?

alcoholic fermentation

Which of the following is a common product of anaerobic respiration in human muscles during intense exercise?

lactic acid

What is one disadvantage of anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic respiration?

less energy in the form of ATP

what produces more carbon dioxide?

aerobic respiration

what is the photosynthesis equation?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

chloroplasts

What does the chloroplast turn carbon dioxide and water into?

glucose and oxygen

What is used for the process of photosynthesis

water, carbon dioxide, and sun light

what is the point of photosynthesis?

for plants and some other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy, specifically in the form of sugars (like glucose), which they then use as food.

what does photosynthesis do for plants?

convert light energy into chemical energy, which is used as food

Does ATP have to do anything with Photosynthesis?

No not really.

What does photosynthesis rely on?

light, carbon dioxide, and water

What pigment reflects Green light

green light is reflected or transmitted by other structural components of the leaf, like cell walls and cellulose

what is a pigment in biology

a natural colored substance produced by living organisms, typically plants or animals, that absorbs specific wavelengths of light

What are the two types of photoreceptors in the back of the eye?

rods and cones

Pigment that absorbs light energy.

chlorophyll

Organelle in plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.

chloroplast

Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide

What is the reactant used photosynthesis?

water and carbon dioxide

The part of a plant responsible for gases entering and exiting the leaf.

the stomata

Autotrophs combine carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and ________.

oxygen

Which of the following steps happens first in photosynthesis?

absorption of light energy by chlorophyll molecules within the chloroplast, which excites electrons and initiates the process of converting light energy into chemical energy; essentially, sunlight is captured by the plant

What is the function of ATP in living things?

store and transfer energy, powering a wide range of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, biosynthesis, and active transport

What does the "TP" in ATP stand for?

3 phosphate groups

What are the parts of the ATP molecule?

adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Where is the energy stored in ATP molecules

energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphate groups

ATP has ____ phosphates

3 phosphates

ADP has _____ phosphates

2 phosphates

What is the full name of the molecule ATP?

adenosine triphosphate

What is used / released when ADP becomes ATP?

energy used/ phosphate used

What is the full name of the molecule ADP?

Adenosine Diphosphate

What does the "DP" in ADP stand for?

adenosine diphosphate