Unit 2.2 Representing Hydrocarbons and Simple Organic Compounds

Name the three main categories of hydrocarbons

• Alkanes

• Alkenes

• Alkynes

What are hydrocarbons categorized by?

Whether their carbon atoms have single, double, or triple bonds with each other

Describe the carbon bonds in Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

• Alkanes: single carbon-to-carbon bonds

• Alkenes: contain at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

• Alkynes: contain at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

As hydrocarbons increase in carbon atoms, what happens to the state at room temperature?

Goes from gas to a liquid

At room temperature most short-chain hydrocarbons are gases or liquids, not solids. Why?

Because they have weaker intermolecular forces

What is the most typical Alkane (single bonds) hydrocarbon?

Ethane

Do Alkanes only have a few carbons?

Alkanes can be huge, molecules with more than 100 carbon atoms

All Alkanes end in what suffix?

-ane

Alkane prefixes will tell you how many carbon atoms are present in the compound. List the first 10

1. Methane

2. Ethane

3. Propane

4. Butane

5. Pentane

6. Hexane

7. Heptane

8. Octane

9. Nonane

10. Decane

What is the phrase to remember the first 10 Alkanes?

Many Elephants Prefer Blue Pineapples However Hungry Orangutans Never Do

Describe the ability Alkanes have regarding carbon chains

Alkanes can have chains of carbon atoms attached to a main carbon chain

What are the steps to identify Alkanes with an extra chain?

• 1st: Identify the longest chain and name it (e.g. if the longest chain has six carbons, part of the name will be hexane)

• 2nd: Locate the branch(es) called “Alkyl Groups”

• 3rd: name the branch with a “-yl” suffix (e.g. if the branch has two carbons it will be ethyl)

• 4th: add a number to the beginning of the whole name. Start on the main chain at the side closest to the branch (e.g. if the branch occurs on the 3rd carbon, the name will be “3-ethylhexane”

What would happen to naming if the main chain had multiple branches?

The branches must be listed in alphabetical order

If the main chain was pentane and the two side chains were both methyl at spot 2 and 3, what would be the name?

2, 3-dimethylpentane