Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to atomic structure, isotopes, and the periodic table based on the lecture notes.

Subatomic Particles

Particles smaller than atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Isotope Notation

A way to represent isotopes with the mass number and atomic number.

Cation

A positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons.

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.

Natural Abundance

The relative proportion of different isotopes of an element found in nature.

Electron Cloud

The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number and properties.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining its chemical identity.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Transition Metals

Elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table, known for variable oxidation states.

Isotopes

Variants of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

Mass and Charge of Proton

Mass: 1.007276 amu, Charge: +1

Mass and Charge of Neutron

Mass: 1.008665 amu, Charge: 0

Mass and Charge of Electron

Mass: 0.0005486 amu, Charge: -1