Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders

are characterized by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession.

Criterion A DID

Discontinuity in sense of self and agency, involving identity confusions or sudden alterations in consciousness, memory, and behavior

Trance

Said to occur when someone experiences a temporary marked alteration in state of consciousness or identity.

Possession trance

Alteration of consciousness or identity is replaced by a new identity that is attributed to the influences of a spirit, deity, or other power

Host identity

The one identity that is most frequently encountered and carries the person’s real name

Dissociative amnesia

Inability to recall important autobiographical information, not explained by ordinary forgetfulness or brain injury.

derealization

one’s sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost

depersonalization

one’s sense of one’s own self and one’s own reality is temporarily lost

depersonalization/derealization disorder crtiterion a

The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both:

1. Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing).

2. Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted).

reality testing

In depersonalization/derealization disorder, During the depersonalization or derealization experiences, ________ remains intact

Cognitive disconnection schemata

reflect defectiveness and emotional inhibition and subsume themes of abuse, neglect, and deprivation

Overconnection schemata

involve impaired autonomy with themes of dependency, vulnerability, and incompetence

hypoemotionality

“I know I have feelings, but I don’t feel them”

anomalous body experiences

unreality of the self and perceptual alterations

Dissociative trance

This condition is characterized by an acute narrowing or complete loss of awareness of immediate surroundings that manifests as profound unresponsiveness or insensitivity to environmental stimul

retrograde

the memory deficit in dissociative amnesia is ____ and, except in rare cases, is not associated with ongoing amnesia for contemporary life events

Retrospective memory impairments

include not only lost memories of traumatic experiences but also lost memories of everyday life during which no trauma occurred

localized amnesia

—a failure to recall events during a circumscribed period of time

selective amnesia

the individual can recall some,but not all, of the events during a circumscribed period of time

systematized amnesia

the individual fails to recall a specific category of important information

Generalized dissociative amnesia

involves a complete loss of memory for most or all of the individual’s life history.