Annelids, Mollusks, and Arthropods

All crustaceans have a pair jaw-like appendages called __

mandibles

In arachnids, the excretory organs that filter wastes from body fluids are called ___

malpighian tubules

What organ enables aquatic crustaceans to maintain proper salt and water concentrations in the blood?

green gland

An adaptation that causes insects to resemble other animals is called _

mimicry

What enables male moths to locate females at a great distance?

pheromones

What fabric is made by a substance produced by an arthropod?

silk

The pedipalps of arachnids are adapted to __

help bring food to the mouth

One difference between the centipedes and the millipedes is that millipedes

have more legs per segment

What is the name for the small openings in the exoskeleton of the grasshopper that allow air to enter the insect's respiratory system?

spiracles

What are the three stages of incomplete metamorphosis?

egg, nymph, adult

When a butterfly larva reaches a certain size, it forms a protective case around itself. At this stage, the butterfly is called _

pupa

Which organism has pedipalps that have evolved into claws?

scorpions

Which respiratory types links the spider to aquatic ancestors?

book lungs

Which subphyla include the horse shoe crab, also known as the "living fossil"?

chelicerate

Chelicerae have _ pairs of antennae on their heads.

zero

Most insects have ___ pairs of wings.

two

List the three common characteristics of all arthropods.

segmented, exoskeleton, and open circulatory system

Give three examples of uniramian communication.

chirping, dancing, pheromones

pincer-like mouthparts, no antennae

chelicerate

jaw-like mouthparts, claws, two pairs of antennae

crustacean

many legs, one pair of antennae

uniramians

eight legs, no antennae

chelicerate

one pair of antennae, six legs, no claws

uniramian

adaptation of insects that cause them to blend in to the environment

camouflage

Fused head and chest region of most crustaceans

cephalothorax

hard, outer protective covering on arthropods

exoskeleton

Chemical signal used by insect for communication

pheromone

Jaw-like appendages that help crustaceans chew and crush food

mandibles

change young insects undergo as they change into adults

metamorphosis

anterior-most fang-like appendages of the spider

chelicerae

appendage used by spiders to hold food

pedipalps

small holes into the respiratory system of uniramians

spiracles

List three ways that arthropods are important to the food industry.

food sources for humans, pollinate, and produce honey

List three other uses besides the food industry.

spider silk bullet proof vest, control other insects for crops, and feed other organisms

List three hazards imposed by the arthropods

famine, infestation, and disease

complete metamorphosis cycle

incomplete metamorphosis cycle

To ensure long feeding sessions, leech saliva contains both pain-killing chemicals and _

blood thinners

Earthworms have four small setae on each segment. How many parapodia do they have on each segment?

none

What food-obtaining adaptation makes filter feeding unnecessary for a squid?

a break-like jaw

Which of the mollusks has a closed circulatory system?

cephalopods/squids

Which of the mollusks has the most advanced system of response? Why?

cephalopods/squids b/c have complex nervous system

Which of the annelids has very distinct facial features?

polychaete

A _ circulatory system supplies excessive blood to the octopus' foot.

closed

The cuttlebone is an example of an internal ___

shell

The foot is a soft muscular appendage which is used for .

attachment and locomotion

The __ uses its radula to drill holes into its prey.

snail/gastropod

Oligochaete have __ leg type structures than polychaeta.

fewer

Most aquatic mollusks use _ for respiration.

gills

Describe the mechanism of movement within a worm like the earthworm.

circular/longitudinal muscles alternate contractions while front and back setae alternate anchoring into ground

Describe the differences between the oligochaete and the polychaeta.

polychaeta - parapodia, bundles of setae, and gas exchange takes place across the parapodia

oligochaete - no parapodia, few setae, and gas exchange takes place across the skin

Describe what characteristic of the Hirudinea led the average 16th century physician to believe that bleeding a patient was the best cure for most ailments.

secrete blood thinners and pain killers during feeding

List three different types of Cephalopod shells and give an example for each type.

exterior (nautilus), interior (cuttlefish), and no shell (octopus)

Annelids and Mollusk are both protostomes. What are humans?

deuterostomes

Explain why an oyster makes a good animal to use for environmental monitoring.

sessile filter feeders

The nephridia is the equivalent to what human structure?

kidney

Which Annelid group is made up of hermaphrodites?

oligochaete

What type of symbiotic relationship would a Hirudinea share with most people?

parasitism

In the mollusk, what is the area called that contains all of the internal organs?

visceral mass

List three methods of mollusk movement.

sliding, burrowing, and swimming

List three methods that mollusk use to obtain their energy.

sessile - filter feeders (oysters)

predator - break-like jaw (squid)

herbivorous - radula (snail)

What is a radula and how is it used?

structure of tiny teeth used for collecting algae and drilling holes into prey

Polyplacophoran is the class name of the chitons. What does the name actually mean?

bearing many plates

Which class of mollusks is the largest?

gastropods

Define the term "Shunting" and explain how it is advantageous to some mollusk.

transferring blood from one part of the body to another; some mollusks send blood to parts of the body that need it