CHPT 8-Skin Disorders canvas ppt

Flashcards about skin disorders, functions, and treatments

List four functions of the skin.

Acts as the first line of defense, prevents excessive fluid loss, controls body temperature, active in sensory perception, defense against environmental hazards, synthesizes vitamin D.

Name the layers of the skin.

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis).

List the layers of the epidermis.

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

What is the function of keratin?

Waterproofing of the skin

What factors determine skin color?

Melanin production depends on multiple genes and environment.

What are the components of the dermis?

Connective tissue containing elastic and collagen fibers, nerves, and blood vessels.

Name the appendages of the skin.

Nails, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

What does the hypodermis contain?

Connective tissue, fat cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, larger blood vessels, nerves.

Why might opportunistic infections occur?

Because of injury or other inflammatory lesion; infection may spread systemically from skin lesions.

Name the types of common skin lesions.

Macule, papule, nodule, pustule, vesicle, ulcer, plaque, fissure.

What is pruritus associated with?

Allergic responses, chemical irritation caused by insect bites, infestations by parasites (e.g., scabies).

What type of hypersensitivity is contact dermatitis?

Type IV

What are the signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis?

Pruritic, erythematous, and edematous area; area often covered with small vesicles.

What type of hypersensitivity is urticaria?

Type I

What are the signs and symptoms of urticaria?

Eruption of hard, raised, erythematous lesions; lesions are highly pruritic.

What type of tendency is atopic dermatitis?

Inherited (Type I).

What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in infants?

Rash is erythematous, with serous exudate; commonly occurs on face, chest, and shoulders.

What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in adults?

Rash is dry, scaly, and pruritic, often on flexor surfaces.

What results from abnormal T cell activation in Psoriasis?

Excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, cellular proliferation is greatly increased leading to thickening of the dermis and epidermis.

What are the signs and symptoms of Psoriasis?

Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales, small scaling spots, dry cracked skin, itching, burning, thickened nails, swollen joints.

What are the two main forms of Pemphigus?

Pemphigus vulgaris (mucosal) and Pemphigus foliaceous (skin).

What are the signs and symptoms of Pemphigus?

Blisters in mouth, blisters spreading to the skin, breathing difficulty due to swollen mouth and throat.

What are the signs and symptoms of Scleroderma?

Hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of skin; Raynaud's phenomenon may be present; facial expression is lost.

Signs and symptoms of Dupuytrens Contracture.

Knots of tissue under skin of palms; Fingers eventually pulled into bent position

Cellulitis is an infection of what?

The dermis and subcutaneous tissue

What are the signs and symptoms of Cellulitis?

Reddened, edematous and painful area; red streaks along the lymph vessels proximal to the infected area.

What is Furuncules usually caused by?

Usually caused by S. aureus

What are the signs and symptoms of Impetigo?

Small red vesicles which rupture forming yellowish-brown crusty masses and pruritus is common.

What is the cause of Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis?

Usually caused by virulent strain of gram-positive, group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

What are the signs and symptoms of Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis?

Markedly inflamed and very painful infected area; fever, tachycardia, hypotension, mental confusion.

What is Leprosy caused by?

Caused by Mycobacterium leprae

What is the most common cause of cold sores or fever blisters?

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1).

How is Herpes Simplex spread?

By direct contact with fluid from lesion

How are Verrucae spread?

By viral shedding of the skin surface

Candida infection is associated with what?

Diabetes

Tinea capitis is what?

Infection of the scalp

Tinea corporis is what?

Infection of the body, particularly of nonhairy parts

Tinea pedis is what?

Athlete’s foot—involves the feet, particularly the toes.

Tinea unguium is what?

Infection of the nails, particularly the toenails

Scabies is caused by what?

Invasion by mite Sarcoptes scabiei

What are keratoses

Benign lesions usually associated with aging or skin damage.

List the warning signs of skin cancer.

A sore that does not heal, a change in shape, size, color, or texture of a lesion, new moles, a skin lesion that bleeds repeatedly, oozes fluid, or itches.

Describe Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Painless, malignant tumor of the epidermis; lesions most commonly found on exposed areas of the skin but also in oral cavity.

What are the ABCD's of Melanoma?

Change in appearance, change in border, change in color, increase in diameter.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma may be present in patients with what disease?

AIDS