AP Biology Unit 3 Crash Course: Cellular Energetics

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42 Terms

1
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Kinetic energy is the energy of __________.
Movement.
2
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Heat energy increases when something __________.
Gets hotter.
3
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Chemical energy is a type of energy that __________ energy in biological systems.
Stores.
4
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Thermodynamics is the science of __________ energy.
Transferring.
5
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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be __________ or destroyed.
Created.
6
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Entropy is essentially the measure of __________ in a system.
Disorder.
7
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According to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy tends to __________ over time.
Increase.
8
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ΔG represents __________ free energy in a system.
Gibbs.
9
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If ΔG is greater than zero, the reaction is __________.
Not spontaneous.
10
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A reaction that releases energy is called __________.
Exergonic.
11
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ATP stands for __________ triphosphate.
Adenosine.
12
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Breaking the bond in ATP releases __________.
Energy.
13
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A molecule that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed is called a __________.
Catalyst.
14
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The __________ site is where the substrate binds on an enzyme.
Active.
15
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Enzymes can be inhibited by __________ inhibitors.
Competitive.
16
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Feedback inhibition prevents the overproduction of __________.
Products.
17
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Respiration uses __________ to break down glucose.
Oxygen.
18
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The process of converting glucose to ATP takes place during __________.
Cellular respiration.
19
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Glycolysis results in the production of __________ and NADH.
ATP.
20
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The Krebs cycle produces __________ and carbon dioxide.
ATP.
21
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The ________ transport chain is crucial for extracting energy from NADH.
Electron.
22
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Chemiosmosis involves the movement of __________ ions across a membrane.
Hydrogen.
23
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The main product of photosynthesis is __________.
Glucose.
24
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Autotrophs are organisms that make their own __________.
Food.
25
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In photosynthesis, light-dependent reactions produce __________ and oxygen.
ATP.
26
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The Calvin cycle uses CO2 to produce __________.
Glucose.
27
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C3 plants use the enzyme __________ for carbon fixation.
Rubisco.
28
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C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to avoid __________.
Photorespiration.
29
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Greater entropy indicates a __________ level of disorder.
Higher.
30
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ΔH refers to the __________ energy of a system.
Enthalpy.
31
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An exergonic reaction is characterized by ΔG being __________ than zero.
Less.
32
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The breakdown of ATP to ADP releases __________.
Energy.
33
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ATP is used by the cell to drive __________ reactions.
Endergonic.
34
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Thermodynamics studies how energy changes occur in __________.
Systems.
35
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Enzymes can be denatured by extreme ________ or pH levels.
Heat.
36
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Photosynthesis involves capturing energy from __________.
Light.
37
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Fermentation occurs in the absence of __________.
Oxygen.
38
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Plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in __________.
Glucose.
39
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The Calvin cycle has three main stages: carbon fixation, __________, and regeneration.
Reduction.
40
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Oxygen is produced as a byproduct during __________ reactions in photosynthesis.
Light-dependent.
41
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Feedback inhibition prevents an enzyme from acting if its product (B) __________ in concentration.
Increases.
42
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Electrons from NADH are transferred to oxygen in the __________ transport chain.
Electron.