aice midterm review

∑= sum of total, N= the total number of individuals of ALL species

n= number of individuals of each DIFFERENT species

mark release recapture

Organisms are marked, released, and then later recaptured.

line transect

Stretching a string across a piece of ground, staking each end, and counting the organisms beneath the string or within a particular distance from it.

belt transect

an extended line is laid out across the area being sampled and a quadrat is placed on the first marked point of the line.

continuous sampling

samples are taken along the whole length of the transect.

quadrat sampling

quadrat (1m x 1m) placed in a habitat and then samples are counted

wide shelf

passive 1

narrow shelf

active 1

little to no seismic activity

passive 2

a lot of seismic activity

active 2

atlantic type

passive 3

pacific type

active 3

divergent boundaries

passive 4

convergent boundaries

active 4

gentle slope

passive 5

steep slope

active 5

continental rise with a trailing edge

passive 6

no continental rise

active 7

ocean to ocean

subduction, volcano, trench, island arc, equakes

ocean to continent

subduction, volcano, trench, continental arcs, equakes

continent to continent

mountains & earthquakes

island/continental arcs

oceanic plates subducts into the mantle, and melts, the melted material rise, cools, and solidifies to form arcs

island arc ex

japanese islands, carribean

continental arc ex

andes mountains

basalt

oceanic crust

granite

continental crust

hydrothermal vents are found

at divergent plate boundaries

hytherm vent step 1

cold water seeps into cracks in a ridge

hytherm vent step 2

water mixes with minerals

hytherm vent step 3

water gets heated by underlying magma

hytherm vent step 4

super-heated water is forced upwards and exits the vent

hytherm vent step 5

water cools and minerals precipitate out

hytherm vent step 6

minerals settle and solidify, forming a chimney

neutrons and protons are in

the nucleus

electrons are in the

shells

covalent bonds examples

water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, sulfur dioxide

ionic bonds examples

sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate

hydrogen bond example

water

molecules vs compounds

molecules can be the same or different elements, compounds MUST be different elements.

ice floats because of

lattice shape

surface

first layer of ocean

pycnocline

second layer of ocean

deep ocean

81% of ocean (third layer)

light travels faster

sound travels deeper

diurnal

1 high tide, 1 low tide, tidal period of 24 hr and 50 min

semi diurnal

2 high tides, 2 low tides, tidal period of 12 hr and 25 min

because the moon is closer

moon makes tides stronger

depositional:

sandy, muddy, estuary, delta

erosional

rocky

stable

rocky, muddy, estuary

unstable

sandy

reef death /erosion caused by

pH change, temperature change, coral bleaching, predation, physical damage, presence of sediment

calcium

bones, shells, teeth

magnesium

make chlorophyll

nitrogen

makes amino acids and proteins

carbon

makes organic molecules

phosphorus

DNA and RNA

dissolving and run-off

replenish 1

upwelling

replenish 2

excretion and decomposition

replenish 3

tectonic processes

replenish 4

uptake and assimilation

deplete 1

marine snow

deplete 2

harvesting

deplete 3

CHO

carbohydrates and lipids

CHONS

proteins

CHONP

nucleic acids

glucose

monomer of carbohydrates

fatty acids & glycerol

monomer of lipids

amino acids

monomer of proteins

nucleotides

monomer of nucleic acids