IB SL biology C 1.1 enzymes

An enzyme is a __________ protein that acts as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction.

globular

Enzymes are typically named after their __________, which they react with, and end with the suffix '-ase'.

substrates

The process of __________ involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and releases energy.

catabolism

The __________ model describes how a substrate triggers a change in the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme for a tighter fit.

induced fit

Enzymes lower the __________ energy required for a reaction to take place.

activation

The __________ is the area on the enzyme where substrates bind and the reaction occurs.

active site

The maximum rate of reaction for particular substrate and enzyme concentrations is referred to as __________.

Vmax

Conditions such as high temperature and extreme pH can lead to enzyme __________, preventing them from functioning.

denaturation

Metabolism is the sum total of all __________ occurring within an organism to maintain life.

reactions

Anabolism requires energy and involves the __________ of complex molecules from simpler ones.

synthesis

Enzyme specificity allows for control over __________ pathways in metabolic reactions.

metabolic

Changes in __________ concentration can significantly affect the rate of enzyme activity.

substrate

Enzymes that facilitate the hydrolysis of ATP are called __________.

ATPases

The process of combining two smaller molecules to form a larger molecule, typically including water formation, is called __________ reaction.

condensation

When substrate concentration is low, the chance of __________ are low.

collisions

Enzymes that break down proteins in the HIV lifecycle, making them a target for medications, are known as __________.

proteases

Enzymes are sensitive to changes in temperature and __________, which can affect their activity.

pH