Plant reproduction, development, and tissues

In order to germinate, seeds require, at a minimum:

Water, Oxygen, and adequate temperature

Where are apical meristems present?

The tip of the stem, branches, and the embryonic root

Meristematic tissue

Undifferentiated cells that allow for indeterminate growth

Trichomes

Provide defense and reflect light, cooling the leaf surface

Stomata

Openings in the epidermis where water vapor exits the shoot and CO2 enters

Paranchyma cells

The Site of photosynthesis

Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma cells

Provide structural support

For sessile organisms such as plants, an advantage of indeterminate growth is ____?

The shoot can keep growing to search for light

The root can keep growing to search for water minerals

Herbivores can damage part of the plant, but the plant can form new organs.

What are the following events are involved in “double fertilization” in angiosperms?

One Sperm cell fuses with the egg to produce a diploid zygote

One sperm cell fuses with the polar nuclei to produce the triploid ( 3N) endosperm

What distinguishes reproduction in seed plants, compared to other lad plants?

Fertilization (fusion of gametes) no longer depends on water

Male gametes are carried to the egg in pollen grains by wind or pollinator

What are some evolutionary advantages of seeds in plants reproduction?

Seeds can remain dormant until opportune germination conditions occur

Contain stored resources to support development of newly germinated seedlings

Contain multicellular embryo, which may be less vulnerable than unicellular spores at early life stages

Have specialized adaptations for dispersal or defense/protection

What is the process by which two or more species reciprocally influence one anther’s traits

Coevolution

Where in a pine tree will you find a megagametophyte

In the ovule

What structures are present in angiosperms but no in gymnosperms

Fruit and flowers

Heterosporous plants______.

Produce a mega and micro gametophyte

How have plant pollinator relationships contributed to the diversity of plant species on planet earth?

Specialized relation ships with pollinators can lead to reproductive isolation in plants