Cell Engery

What is the point of cellular respiration

To burn glucose for ATP energy

What is the formula for glucose?

C6 H12 O6

What is the energy storage in cells?

glucose

What does ATP stand for

Adenosine triphosphate

What is the spendable cash energy

ATP

How do you use ATP

Break the bonds between two phosphates

How do you rebuild a ATP

By burning glucose and using energy from the broken bones to reattach the phosphates

How much energy is in one phosphate bonds of ATP

7 kcal/mol of energy

How many phosphates are on ADP

2 phosphates

How many phosphates are on AMP

1 phosphate

What are uses for ATP

Active transport, breaking down food, protein synthesis, making organelles, cell division, movement, etc.

How much energy is in one glucose molecule

676-686 kcal/mol of energy

What is majority of glucose is energy turned into

heat energy

Why can't cellular respiration be done in one stage

The cells would die from the heat energy released

Equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36-38 ATP

What is the first stage of cellular respiration

Glycolysis

What is the point of glycolysis

To divide the glucose into two pyruvic acids

Where does glycolysis take place

The cytoplasm

What is the only anaerobic stage in cellular respiration

Glycolysis

How much energy results in glycolysis

2 ATP and 2 NADH

HHow many carbons to pyruvic acids have

3 carbons

What is NAH+’s job

To pick up remaining hydrogen and become NADH

What is the next step after glycolysis and cellular respiration

Oxidation of pyruvic acid

What is the goal of the oxidation of pyruvic acid

To break pyruvic acid down into acetyl groups

Where does the oxidation of pyruvic acid take place

The matrix of the mitochondria

What are the final products of the oxidation of pyruvic acid

2 acetyl groups and 2 NADH

HHow many carbons does acetyl group have

2 carbons

What is the enzyme that helps escort acetyl groups to the next stage in cellular respiration

coenzyme a (CoA)

What is the only stage in cellular aspiration that doesn't make ATP

the oxidation of pyruvic acid

The final product of the first stage is always the ____ in the next stage

starting reactant

What is the goal of Krebs cycle

To completely break down the acetyl groups

Where does the Krebs cycle take place

matrix of mitochondria

What are the final products of Krebs cycle

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2

What stage of cellular aspiration make citric acid

Krebs cycle

How many times but you go through Krebs cycle

Twice for each aceto-group

What is the final stage in cellular respiration

Electron transport chain (ETC)

What is the goal of ETC

To convert the electrons in hydrogens in NADH and FADH2 into ATP

Where does ETC take place

Inner membrane of mitochondria

What are the final products of ETC

36 ATP, H20, NAD+, FAD

How is water made in ETC

At the end of ETC oxygen molecules pick up the electrons and bond to become H20

What is ATP synthase

A protein that allows hydrogens to flow from high concentration to low concentration while making ATP

WWhat is the goal of anaerobic respiration

To make energy without the presence of oxygen

What is the only stage in anaerobic respiration that is also in cellular respiration

Glycolysis

What is made in your muscles during anaerobic respiration

lactic acid

Why does your body start making lactic acid

Since you were using too much ATP, your body cannot provide oxygen to all your cells in order to break down glucose

Why can't you do anaerobic exercises for a long period of time

There will be too much lactic acid buildup and your muscles cannot contract

What is a anaerobic respiration for yeast

Alcohol fermentation

What type of energy is light energy

Radiant energy

What is radiant energy

Energy that travels an S shaped waves

What helps you view all sizes of radiant energy

Electromagnetic spectrum

What wavelengths of light can humans see

380-750 nm

What does it mean when you are seeing a color

The color is being reflected by that thing

What does it mean when you see something that is black

No light is being reflected, all wavelengths are being absorbed

What does it mean when you see something that is white

All wavelengths of light are being reflected

What percentage must a wavelength of light be so that humans can see it

50% or higher

What color of light do green plants absorb and reflect

Green light is reflected and red and blue light is absorbed

What is an absorption spectrum

Graph that shows what wavelength of light are most reflected/absorbed in plants

What is the number one plant pigment

Chlorophyll a

What is accessory pigments

Pigments that help position chlorophyll a absorb extra wavelengths of light

What are some accessory pigments

carotene (orange), xanthophyll (yellow), anthocyanin (purple), phycobilins (red), fucoxanthin (brown)

Where is all energy that drives life from

The sun

What are auto troughs

Self feeding organisms that can make their own food (producers)

What are heterotrophs

Organisms that feed off of others in muscat food by consuming it (consumers)

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What converts light energy into chemical energy

Photosynthesis

What is the first stage of photosynthesis

Light reactions / light dependent reactions

What is a quantum Leap

When electrons get charged from the energy of the sun and jump out of the atom

What occurs in PSll

high charged electron leaves the chlorophyll and goes into the thylakoid membrane, water is split and gives its electrons to chlorophyll, as electron goes down chain it attracts hydrogen which travel into the thylakoid making it higher concentration, ATP synthase helps diffuse the hydrogens out of the thylakoid and in doing so making ATP

What occurs in PSl

At the end of ETC the electrons get charged by light again and NADP+ accepts electrons in hydrogen to become NADPH where it'll carry them to the next stage

What wavelength of light does PSll use

P 680

What wavelength of light PSl does use

P 700

WWhat are the products of photosynthesis

NADPH, ATP, O2

Why is photosynthesis important to all life

It creates O2 which humans breathe in and humans breathe carbon dioxide out which plants need

What two things are needed in the Calvin cycle

ATP AND NADPH, the final products from the light dependent reactions

Where is the Calvin cycle occur

the stroma

What enzyme takes CO2 from the air and add it to RuDP

Rubisco

How many carbons is RuDP

6 carbons

What immediately happens to the RuDP after it gets 6 carbons

It splits in half to make two 3 carbon molecules

What is ATP do in the Calvin cycle

It uses energy to make an intermediate compound from the three carbon molecule that was just split

Why is the Calvin cycle a cycle

The three molecule compound gets turned back into RuDP to be used again in the calvin cycle

What is photorespiration

When plants get confused if they're doing photosynthesis or respiration and the enzyme that brings the CO2 let's go of the carbon dioxide and slows down productivity