Final Exam study guide 2

ACL, Neck Pain, Shoulder pain

What is the prevalence of ACL injury?

women: 10.36-18.06/100,00 persons/year

Men: 22.5- 25/100,000 person/year

In the NCAA which top 4 sports have the highest ACL injuries?

American football

Womens: gymnastics, soccer, and basketball

When do ACL injuries often occur?

during competition rather than practice

What is a BPTB graft?

is an autograft

with overall good outcomes, is the graft of choice

what are the potential problems with using a BPTB graft?

Patellar fractures, patellar tendonitis/ rupture, anterior knee pain

What is a Hamstring autograft

A type of graft taken from the hamstrings, usually semitendinosus and gracilis

Good for certain populations

better stability w/ LET

greater cross sectional area and no extensor mechanism involvement

what are potential problems with a Hamstring autograft?

failure of BPT, healing time, unpredictable size, knee flexion weakness, infection

What is a quadriceps autograft

A type of graft harvested from the quadriceps tendon

Longer/wider/higher tensile strength than BPTB

Similar patient reported outcomes

Less risk of infection, less anterior knee pain, less donor site morbidity, and low rate of quad defects

what are potential problems with quadriceps

donor site pain, RF retraction, bleeding, patellar fracture

what is an Allograft

A type of graft obtained from a donor (cadaver), often used to replace damaged tissue. Allografts can reduce donor site morbidity but may have a higher risk of rejection and disease transmission.

when is an allograft not usually recommended

for those under 35

there Is a decreased RTS rate when compared to autograft

no harvest site morbidity,

what are the potential problems with allograft

higher rupture rate.

when and what is return to participation?

3-5 months

with a focus on foundations for sport specific movement

this phase focuses on performance in a controlled environment

what is the criteria to begin return to running?

3-5 months post op

full knee ROM

quad strength >=80% LSI

Quad peak torque to BM ration> 1.45-2.0

no effusion following strength training

What are return to running considerations?

can start on antigravity treadmill

running days should occur on strength training days

recommend running no more than 3x/wk

need to monitor soreness rules and swelling

start linear→angular and frontal plane

What is the hallmark of return to participation phase?

developing neuromuscular system control to deceleration with running and plyometric activities

what is the main focus of RTS phase

skill development

progression to higher impact plyos

transitioning from strength training to power development

normalizing sport specific movements

What is the return to sport clearance?

no gold standard

complete ful rehab course

LE isometric or isokinetic testing >= 90% LSI

hop testing >= 90%

100% EPIC for DL countermovement jump

<10% asymmetry w/ SL CMJ

SEBT > 94% comp, < 4 cm difference anterior

what is kinesiophoia

most common psychological barrier to return to sport competition

what are acute variables that can be manipulated for strength, endurance, power, hypertrophy?

These variables include intensity, volume, rest intervals, frequency, and exercise selection that can be adjusted to achieve specific training adaptations.

such as sets, reps, intensity

for progressive overload what needs to be sufficient to elicit adaptation within individual’s ability to recover

dosage/variables

what is the SAID principle

The SAID principle, or Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands, states that the body will adapt specifically to the demands placed on it during training. This concept implies that training should reflect the specific goals and activities an individual aims to improve.

what is periodization?

Periodization is a systematic planning approach to training that involves varying training variables over time to optimize performance and prevent overtraining. This method includes cycles of varying intensity and volume tailored to specific goals.

What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism?

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation, and depression. Individuals may also experience muscle weakness, slow heart rate.

What are symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include increased heart rate, weight loss, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, anxiety, and tremors. Individuals may also experience irritability, sleep disturbances, and an enlarged thyroid gland.

Common s/s of thyroid cancer?

Initially no symptoms

when they do occur may include:

• painless lump or nodule in neck

• enlarged lymph nodes

• Hoarseness or voices changes

• difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

• difficulty breathing

• persistent cough

When a pt undergoes thyroidectomy, what are some consideration for PT during rehab?

May experience HA, neck pain, shoulder pain may be associated to scar tissue and anterior restrictions from surgerythat may limit mobility.

What was the best evidence support thyroidectomy PT rehab?

found with stretching and ROM exercises. Taping and manual therapy evidence are limited and considered to be effective when paired with other tx.

What are cervicogenic red flags?

systemic symptoms: fever, weight loss

neurological deficits: memory or mood changes, ataxia

older age: > 50 years old

onset is abrupt or sudden

pattern changes in individuals w/ prior HA

pregnancy

painful eye

painkillers overuse

papilledema

what is the classification of cervicogenic headaches

according to the internal classification of HA disorders, cervicogenic headaches are classified as secondary HA’s because they result from an identifiable source of dysfunction within the cervical spine (joints, muscles, nerves)

What are common HA treatments in PT?

cervical mobs and manips

thoracic manips

exercise

patient education

manual therapy has moderate recommendation