Han Dynasty-Emperor Wudi and the Silk Roads' Impact on Trade

Emperor Wudi

Ruled Han Dynasty from 141-87 BCE, expanding territory.

Confucianism

Official state philosophy emphasizing moral governance.

Legalism

Philosophy ensuring law and order in governance.

Civil Service System

Merit-based selection of officials through examinations.

Meritocracy

Governance based on individual ability and education.

Economic Monopolies

State control over salt, iron, and liquor industries.

Tribute System

Required payments from states for protection and benefits.

Xiongnu Confederation

Nomadic tribes threatening Han stability through raids.

Military Campaigns

Aggressive strategies to subdue Xiongnu and secure borders.

Silk Roads

Trade routes connecting East Asia with the Mediterranean.

Zhang Qian

Diplomat who opened trade routes to the West.

Pax Sinica

Period of stability under Han Dynasty facilitating trade.

Pax Romana

Roman peace period enhancing long-distance trade.

Caravan

Group of merchants traveling together for safety.

Caravanserai

Rest stops providing shelter for traders along routes.

Cultural Exchange

Spread of ideas, technologies, and religions via trade.

Buddhism

Religion introduced to China through Silk Road exchanges.

Economic Interdependence

Mutual reliance between regions for trade and resources.

Antonine Plague

Disease that severely affected the Roman population.

Cultural Syncretism

Blending of different cultural practices and beliefs.

Precious Metals

Silver and gold traded, highlighting economic ties.

Trade Deficits

Economic imbalance due to high demand for imports.

Intermarriage

Discouraged practice between Han and conquered peoples.

Military Investments

Increased funding for defense against trade route threats.

Cultural Practices

Chinese customs promoted among conquered territories.

Silk Industry

Major economic sector in Han Dynasty focused on silk production.

Trade Routes

Paths facilitating the movement of goods and ideas.

Maritime Routes

Sea paths connecting China with India and beyond.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds crucial for maritime navigation.