Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Flashcards based on the fundamental concepts of chemistry, covering definitions, laws, principles, and measurements.

The branch of science that studies preparation, properties, structure and reactions of material substances is called __.

Chemistry

Chemistry developed mainly in the form of and during 1300-1600 CE.

Alchemy and Iatrochemistry

Curd formation from milk, vinegar formation from sugarcane juice, and rusting of iron are examples of __ in daily life.

Changes

In chemistry, the __ is the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound.

Law of Definite Proportions

The __ states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The __ proposed that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

Avogadro's Law

In solid state, the particles are held __ to each other in an orderly fashion.

Very close

The __ is the SI unit for measuring mass and is defined by the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant.

Kilogram (kg)

One mole contains __ elementary entities, also known as Avogadro's number.

6.022 x 10^23

Instruments used to measure electric current are referred to as __.

Amperes (A)

The __ controls the behavior of matter; it can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Nature of Matter

The process of __ describes the assignment of specific values to measurements.

Dimensional Analysis

The mass of a given element can be expressed per cent by weight in a solution, known as __.

Mass per cent

In a __ mixture, the composition is uniform throughout.

Homogeneous

A __ contains two or more components, where their proportions can vary.

Mixture

The smallest constituent unit of a compound, consisting of two or more atoms bonded together, is called a __.

Molecule

A compound consists of particles formed by atoms of __ different elements.

Two or more

The formula mass is calculated using the __ of atomic masses of its elements.

Sum

The __ mass of a substance is analogous to its molar mass and is specifically expressed in g/mol.

Molecular

The __ of water is 18.02 g/mol, indicating its molecular mass.

Molar mass

In a laboratory setting, solutions are commonly measured using devices such as __, burettes, and pipettes.

Graduated cylinders

The __ property of matter described by the ratio of mass to volume.

Density

The term __ refers to the closeness of multiple measurements to each other.

Precision

John Dalton proposed the __ theory which states that matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

Atomic

A __ formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of different types of atoms present in a compound.

Empirical

__ substances contain only one type of particle throughout.

Pure

The __ theory states that atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties.

Dalton's

When two elements can combine to form more than one compound, their masses are in the ratio of __.

Small whole numbers (Law of Multiple Proportions)

The combination of elements to form a compound follows the __ principle established by Antoine Lavoisier.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The __ mass of carbon is approximately 12 u, based on the standard of carbon-12.

Atomic

The process of counting the number of atoms or molecules in a mole is defined by Avogadro's __.

Constant

To convert units, one can use the __ method, allowing to transition between different measurement systems.

Factor-label

The concept of matter being composed of indivisible units dates back to philosophers like __.

Democritus

The __ influences the properties and behavior of the elements and compounds.

State of matter

A __ consists of various components that are not uniformly distributed.

Heterogeneous mixture

To measure the volume of a liquid, a __ is often used in laboratory settings.

Graduated cylinder

The law stating that in reactions involving gases, they react in volumes that bear a simple ratio by volume is known as __.

Gay-Lussac's Law of Gaseous Volumes

The __ number must always be applied for conversion of units in dimensional analysis.

Conversion factor

The intensity of light is measured in __, the SI unit of luminous intensity.

Candela (cd)

The molecular formula of a compound shows the exact number of __ in a molecule.

Atoms

is a measure of the number of moles of solute in a given volume of solution.

Molarity

An __ is a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.

Element

When measuring, an instrument's __ can indicate how close the measurements are to the actual value.

Accuracy

The __ describes how to differentiate between accurate and precise measurements.

Precision and Accuracy

The __ is determined by the number and type of particles present in a substance.

Mass

The process by which a liquid is transformed into a gas is referred to as __.

Vaporization

Tannings or chemical processes that require heat are examples of __ processes in chemistry.

Physical

In stoichiometry, the __ is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction.

Limiting reagent

The SI unit for measuring volume is expressed in __.

Cubic meters (m³)