skeletal system

Five main functions of the skeletal system

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

Two types of bone tissue

Compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone

Difference between axial and appendicular skeleton

Axial includes skull, vertebral column, and rib cage; appendicular includes limbs and girdles

Number of bones in the adult human skeleton

206

Bone cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue

Osteoclasts

Cells responsible for forming new bone

Osteoblasts

Hard, outer layer of bone

Compact bone

Porous, inner layer of bone

Spongy bone

Process of bone formation

Ossification (or osteogenesis)

Longest bone in the human body

Femur

Tiny cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

Lacunae

Central canal in an osteon

Haversian canal

Function of the periosteum

A dense layer of connective tissue covering the bone that contains nerves and blood vessels

Difference between a ligament and a tendon

Ligaments connect bone to bone; tendons connect muscle to bone

Three types of joints based on their movement

Immovable (synarthrosis), slightly movable (amphiarthrosis), freely movable (diarthrosis)

Example of a ball-and-socket joint

Shoulder or hip joint

Type of joint in the knee

Hinge joint

Axial skeleton composition

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage (sternum and ribs)

Appendicular skeleton composition

Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become weak and brittle due to loss of bone mass

Bone marrow that produces blood cells

Red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow location and function

Found in the medullary cavity of long bones; stores fat

Epiphysis of a long bone

The rounded end of a long bone

Diaphysis of a long bone

The shaft or central part of a long bone

Metaphysis

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis; contains the growth plate in children

Function of the articular cartilage

Reduces friction and absorbs shock in joints

Main mineral stored in bones

Calcium

Disease characterized by excessive bone growth

Paget's disease