Lower limb (hip-thigh) Anatomy

What boundaries are in the Gluteal region

Iliac crest to gluteal fold

What bones are in the gluteal region

hip bones

What boundaries are in the thigh region

gluteal to knee

What bones are in the thigh region

femur

What boundaries are in the knee region

distal thigh to proximal leg

What boundaries are in the leg region

knee to ankle

What boundaries are in the ankle region

distal leg to foot

What boundaries are in the foot region

ankle to end of limb

What bones are in the knee region

femur, tibia, patella

What bones are in the leg region

tibia, fibula

What bones are in the ankle region

distal fibula, tibula, tarsals

What bones are in the foot region

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

What are the functions of the lower limbs

locomotion/movement, balance/posture, weight bering limb

What bones are in the pelvic girdle

hip bone (R & L), sacrum

What connects the trunk to the lower limbs

pelvic girdle

What are the 3 portions of the hip bone

Ilium, ischium, pubis/pubic bone

Which portion of the hip bone is superior

Ilium

Which portion of the hip bone is posterior

Ischium

Which portion of the hip bone is anterior

Pubis/pubic bone

At what age do the hip bones fuse at

18-20 years old

What are the joints of the pelvis

lumbosacral, sacroiliac, pubic symphysis

What type of joint (by strength) is the lumbosacral joint

cartilaginous

Where is the lumbosacral joint located

between L5 and S1 on vetebral column

What ligaments strengthen the lumbosacral joint to prevent it becoming a synovial joint

iliolimbar ligaments

What type (by stength) of joint is the sacroiliac joint

synovial

Where is the sacroiliac joint located

where the sacrum meets the ilium

What ligaments make up the sacroiliac joint

sacroiliac, sacrospinous, sacrotuberous

Which ligament prevents the inferior dislocation of the sacrum

sacroiliac ligament

What ligaments prevent the superior dislocation of the sacrum

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

What ligaments help transfer weight from the sacrum to the lower limbs

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

What type of joint (by strength) is the pubic symphysis

cartilaginous

What is the purpose of the pubic symphysis

joins two pubic bones

What type of joint (by strength) is the hip joint

synovial

What type of joint (by movement) is the hip joint

ball and socket

What movements can the hip joint do

rotation, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

What bone sits in the head of the hip socket

over ½ of the femur head

What is the hip socket called

acetabulum

What is the thick layer of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum

acetabular labrum

What is the purpose of the acetabular labrum

deepens the socket

What ligament is found by the hip joint

iliofemoral (Y) ligament

What movement does the iliofemoral ligament limit

hip extension

What is the purpose of the iliofemoral ligament

allows for standing for long periods of time with little muscle activity

What bone is fractured in a hip fracture

neck of the femur

What demographic has hip fractures commonly

women over 60

What happens during a hip dislocation

femur head moves out of acetabulum

What is the most common form of hip dislocation

hip dysplasia (congenital)

What sex has a narrow pelvic outlet

males

What sex has a wider pelvic outlet

females

What main muscles make up the gluteal region

gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae

Gluteus maxiums A:

posterior ilium and sacrum

Gluteus maximus B:

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

Gluteus maximus Inn:

inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteal maximus Action:

hip extension

Tensor fasciae latae A:

anterior superior iliac spine

Tensor fasciae latae B:

iliotibial tract

Tensor fasciae latae Inn:

superior gluteal nerve

Tensor fasciae latae Action:

hip flexion and abduction

Which muscle is enclosed between two layers of deep fascia

Tensor fasciae latae

What are the lesser gluteal muscles

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Lesser gluteals A:

gluteal surface

Lesser gluteals B:

greater trochanter

Lesser gluteals Inn:

superior gluteal nerve

Lesser gluteals Action:

hip abduction, rotation

Lesser gluteals Function:

prevent pelvis from tipping forward while walking

What are hip intrinsics

small muscles across posterior axis of hip

Action of hip intrinsics

help with rotation

Function of hip intrinsics

propioceptive muscle

What makes up the hip intrinsics

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris

What region contains the propulsive muscles

thigh

What joints will most of the thigh muscles cross

hip and/or knee joint

What overall names makeup the anterior thigh

hip flexors, knee extensors

What major muscles makeup the anterior thigh

Iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, sartorius

What muscles make up the iliopsoas

psoas major, iliacus

Psoas major A:

lumbar vertebrae

Psoas major B:

lesser trochanter of femur

Iliacus A:

Iliac fossa

Iliacus B:

lesser trochanter of femur

Iliacus and Psoas major Inn:

femoral nerve

Iliacus and Psoas major Action:

hip flexion

What muscles make up the Quadriceps femoris

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialus

What is the only quad muscle that crosses the hip joint

rectus femoris

Rectus femoris A:

anterior inferior iliac spine

Rectus femoris Action:

hip flexion

Vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialus A:

femur

Vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialus Action:

knee extension

Quadriceps femoris B:

tibial tuberosity

Quadriceps femoris Inn:

femoral nerve

What is the longest muscle in the body

sartorius

Sartorius A:

anterior superior iliac spine

Sartorius B:

medial proximal tibia

Sartorius Inn:

femoral nerve

Sartorius Action:

hip flexion, knee extension, rotation of femur

What generic names makeup the posterior thigh

hip extensors, knee flexors

What muscles makeup the lateral posterior thigh

Biceps femoris short head, biceps femoris long head

Is the biceps femoris short head more medial or lateral

lateral

Is the biceps femoris long head more medial or lateral

medial

Biceps femoris short head A:

linea aspera (femur)

Biceps femoris short head Inn:

common fibula nerve

Biceps femoris long head A:

ischial tuberosity

Biceps femoris long head Inn:

tibial nerve