EKG and Blood Pressure

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate; <60bpm

Tachycardia

Fast heart rate; >100bmp

Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure

Sinoatrial Node

Pacemaker of the heart - where electrical signal originates

Atrioventricular Node

where electrical signal pauses to allow ventricles to finish filling

Purkinje Fibers

- located in the walls of both ventricles

- generate a strong contraction

Right and Left Bundle Branches

Identify #4

Bundle of His

Systole

Ventricular contraction

Cardiac Cycle

One complete contraction and relaxation of all four chambers of the heart

Diastole

Ventricular relaxation

Blood Pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

Systolic Pressure

The pressure generated by the ventricles during systole (contraction); top number in a blood pressure reading

Diastolic Pressure

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery; bottom number in a blood pressure reading

P wave

Atrial Depolarization

QRS Complex

ventricular depolarization

T Wave

Ventricular Repolarization

Normal Sinus Rhythm

regular and consistent rhythm originating in the SA node

First Heart Sound

Sound associated with the closure of AV valves (lub); S1;

Second Heart Sound

closure of the semilunar valves (dub);S2;

Brachial (artery) Pulse Point

Found in cubital fossa (of arm).

Radial (artery) Pulse Point

Found at the lateral aspect of the wrist (Ave thumb).

segment between heart beats

TP - shortens in tachycardia

segment

flat (isoelectric) line between two waves

positive deflection (upwards)

electricity is moving toward the lead

negative deflection (downwards)

electricity is moving away from the lead

what is happening during the PR segment?

the atria are contracting, the ventricles are filling

vasoconstriction

Narrowing of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels, decreasing blood pressure

cardiac output

the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by the left ventricle - increases in cardiac output increase blood pressure

blood vessel elasticity

Ability of blood vessels to stretch and recoil. Decreased elasticity raises blood pressure.