Intro to Psychology and Personality Traits Review

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)

Openness

A personality trait describing how open a person is to new ideas, experiences, creativity, and curiosity.

Conscientiousness

A personality trait describing how organized, responsible, dependable, and goal-oriented a person is.

Extraversion

A personality trait describing how outgoing, social, energetic, and talkative a person tends to be; enjoys being around other people.

Agreeableness

A personality trait describing how kind, cooperative, trusting, and compassionate a person tends to be; sympathetic to others

Neuroticism

A personality trait describing a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, worry, sadness, or stress.

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning that occurs when a person or animal learns to associate two stimuli together; learned response.

Ivan Pavlov

The psychologist best known for developing classical conditioning.

Operant Conditioning

A type of learning in which behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments

B.F. Skinner

A psychologist that developed operant conditioning.

Id

The part of Freud's personality theory that is driven by basic desires and the need for immediate pleasure. Wants what it wants right away and does not focus on rules or consequences.

Ego

The part of Freud's personality theory that deals with reality. Tries to balance the desires of the id with the rules of the superego while considering realistic consequences.

Superego

The part of Freud's personality theory that represents morals, values, and a sense of right and wrong. It encourages a person to follow rules and behave in ways they consider morally correct.

Narcissism

A Dark Triad trait characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a strong need for admiration, and a belief that one is especially important or deserving.

Machiavellianism

A Dark Triad trait characterized by manipulation, strategic thinking, and a willingness to use or deceive others to achieve personal goals.

Psychopathy

A Dark Triad trait associated with low empathy, reduced guilt or remorse, and a tendency toward impulsive or antisocial behavior.

They could work at a university as a teacher while also doing research for the university, and they could help the university’s athletes with game performance

How could someone work in all three roles as a sports psychologist?

• Online

• Publish a book

• Newsletter/paper in an article

3 places a sports psychologist can publish research

• conferences/seminars

• Over the internet (webinars)

Where a sports psychologist can teach

• Positive: praising an athlete for improving their performance,

• Negative: adding extra drills when they don’t meet performance goals

Describe an example of operant conditioning that could be used by a coach to improve an athlete’s performance, including both a positive and a negative reward

• Whistle → everyone stops

• Track pistol → everyone runs

• Walk-out song → rush of adrenaline/excitement

Provide three examples of classical conditioning in sports

I would want high agreeableness and high conscientiousness in my best friend because they would be kind, supportive, trustworthy, and responsible.

Based upon your knowledge of the big five personality traits, what two traits would you like to see in someone you would consider your best friend? Why?