CERP 101 - Origin and Evolution of Cities

Village vs. City

• classless society

  • shared resources, interest, responsibilities

• same tribe

• social kinship values

• communal system

Village vs. City

• stratification

  • socio-economic classes

• little sense of kinship

• value based on economic standards

• individualism and private property

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] cite

old French _____, from civitas/civis = citizen

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] size and population density

a community with substantial _____ that shelters a variety of non-agricultural specialist, including a literal elite

The Fertile Crescent Region of Mesopotamia

• one of the first cities

• present-day Iraq

Jericho

• was the first city Israel conquered in Canaan

• developing city already at 10,000 B.C.

• Joshua and the walls of _____ (Bible)

Catal Huyuk

• present-day Turkey

• well-developed by 6,000 B.C.

• one of the best preserved ancient cities

Alexandria

• in Egypt

• 332 B.C. built by Alexander the Great

• was the largest city in Egypt for nearly 2,000 years, functioning as a trading center Asia and Europe

[Chronology of Early Cities] Ancient Jericho

8,000 B.C. to 1,500 B.C.

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] Mesopotamia

2,000 B.C. to 1,500 B.C.

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] Egypt

2,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C.

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] Indus Region

2,500 B.C. to Birth of Jesus

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] China

1,000 B.C. to Birth of Jesus

[Origin and Evolution of Cities] The America

Birth of Jesus to 500 A.D.

The Cities

• before the end of 18th century

  • less people lived in cities than in the village

    • the ruling elite: the religious, political, military, and commercial leaders

    • laborers, craftsmen, and professionals who served them

[The Silk Road] Middle East

the Chinese exported their silk and tea to _____ (and Europe)

Industrial Revolution

~1760 - 1840 A.D.

[Industrial Revolution] Great Britain

initially in the _____, then in the USA

[Industrial Revolution] hydroelectric, steam powered machinery

first mechanism loom

[Industrial Revolution] What attracted people to cities?

• boom of factories

• mass production

[Industrial Revolution] reversed

_____ the distribution of people between village and city

[Industrial Revolution] increase specialization

result of increased number of people

Major Factors Shaping the Development of Cities

• physical environment

• technology

• social organization

[Major Factors Shaping the Development of Cities] Environment (Physical)

• climate, topography, and other natural resources → physical requirements of man

• may change

[Major Factors Shaping the Development of Cities] Technology

• tools and inventions ← resources of habitat

• high technological competence to produce enough food and other necessities for dense populations

[Major Factors Shaping the Development of Cities] Social Organizations

• man’s cultural institution and attitudes

• all factors for city development → no single factor is sufficient

Metropolis

an extended urban area with a dense central city

[Metropolis] meter, polis

came from these Greek words which mean mother and city, respectively

[Metropolis] 500,000 

a concentration of at least _____ people living within an area (Blumenfeld)

[Metropolis] 40

an area on which the travelling time from the outskirts to the center is no more than _____ minutes (Blumenfeld)

Hans Blumenfeld

• Metropolis

• German-Canadian architect and City Planner

Patrick Geddess

• Conurbation

• Scottish Biologist and Pioneer in City Planning

Conurbation

fusion of several pre-existing cities

[Conurbation] 16

Metro Manila has _____ cities.

[Conurbation] 1

Metro Manila has _____ municipality.

Jean Gottman

• Megalopolis

• French Geographer

Megalopolis

an urbanized region that contains several metropolitan areas

[Megalopolis] Mega Cities

highly-populous cities

[Megalopolis] 4

Mega Manila has ____ regions with approximately 40 million people.

[Megalopolis] Mega Manila Regions

• Central Luzon (Region 3)

• Metro Manila (NCR)

• CALABARZON (Region 4A)

• MIMAROPA (Region 4B, excluding Palawan)