Freud's tripartite personality

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10 Terms

1
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what type of theory is Freud’s tripartite personality ?

Psychodynamic theory of criminality

2
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What does Freud believe ?

Our early childhood experiences determine our personality and future behaviour, therefore we can use Freud’s theory to explain criminality by looking at childhood trauma.

3
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Freud proposed the tripartite structure of the personality, which consists of the…

  • Id

  • Ego

  • super ego

4
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According to Freud, the Id…

  • Acts according to the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.

5
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The super ego…

  • Acts according to the morality principle and is concerned with what is considered right and wrong behaviour

6
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The ego…

  • Acts on the reality principle and mediates between the demands of the super ego and id

7
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How can Freud’s tripartite structure of the personality be applied to crime

  • This theory suggests that criminal behaviour is likely to occur if there is an imbalance between the three aspects of the personality

  • If the super ego is weak or deficient, the Id will be given free reign and won’t be controlled properly. This will lead to impulsive and anti-social behaviours as the ego won’t be able to mediate between the superego and id.

8
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What will happen if a child doesn’t have a same-sex parent during the phallic stage (age 3-6)

  • They may have a weakly developed superego, meaning that they feel less guilt about criminal and deviant behaviour

  • This results in the Id becoming dominant causing the individual to act on selfish or aggressive urges.

9
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What can happen if a child experiences an extremely harsh parenting style ?

  • it may result in them having a harsh and unforgiving superego

  • This can lead to high levels of guilt and anxiety

  • therefore, this person may commit crime to be punished

10
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What might happen if a child is socialised into a family where pro-crime attitudes are the norm ?

  • They may develop a deviant superego

  • So they won’t feel guilt or shame that is associated with breaking rules

  • And therefore are likely to engage in criminal behaviours