Case Study Two - Lower Limb

Rectus femoris Origin

Straight head - Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS); Reflected head - Upper margin of the acetabulum

Rectus Femoris Insertion

tibial tuberosity

Vastus lateralis Origin

greater trochanter

Vastus lateralis Insertion

tibial tuberosity

Vastus Medialis Origin

intertrochanter

Vastus Medialis Insertion

tibial tuberosity

Vastus Intermedius Origin

anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur

Vastus Intermedius Insertion

tibial tuberosity

Gluteus maximus Origin

Posterior gluteal line of ilium, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Gluteus maximus Insertion

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Hamstrings Origin

Ischial Tuberosity

Biceps femoris Insertion

head of fibula

Semimembranosus Insertion

posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus Insertion

medial surface of proximal tibia

Knee Joint Bones

Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Femur

Hip Joint Bones

Femur, Pelvis (Acetabulum)

Ankle Joint Bones

Tibia, Fibula, Talus

Gastrocnemius Origin

Medial head – posterior surface of medial femoral condyle; Lateral head – posterior surface of lateral femoral condyle

Gastrocnemius Insertion

Posterior surface of calcaneus

Soleus Origin

Posterior surface of head and upper third of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial tibial border

Soleus Insertion

Posterior surface of calcaneus

Ankle Joint

synovial, hinge joint

Hip Joint

synovial, ball and socket joint

Knee Joint

synovial, hinge joint

functions of the lower limb required

weightbearing and locomotion

Downward phase movement - knee

flexion 

Downward phase movement - hip

flexion

Downward phase movement - ankle

dorsiflexion

Upward phase movement - knee

extension

Upward phase movement - hip

extension

Upward phase movement - ankle

plantarflexion