Bio Chapter 4

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23 Terms

1
Cell
The smallest unit of life.
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2
Microscope
An instrument used to study cells that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
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3
Unified Cell Theory
States that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
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4
Prokaryotes
Single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
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5
Peptidoglycan
The primary component of most prokaryotic cell walls.
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6
Plasma Membrane
A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and exits.
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7
Eukaryotic Cell
A type of cell that is typically larger than prokaryotic cells and has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
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8
Nucleus
The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA.
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9
Ribosomes
Cellular structures that perform protein synthesis.
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10
Mitochondria
Organelles that participate in cellular respiration and produce ATP.
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11
Peroxisomes
Organelles that hydrolyze fatty acids, amino acids, and some toxins.
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12
Vesicles
Small membrane-bound compartments for storage and transport within the cell.
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13
Lysosomes
Digestive organelles in animal cells that break down macromolecules.
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14
Chloroplasts
Organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
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15
Golgi Apparatus
Cellular component that modifies, packages, tags, and transports proteins and lipids.
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16
Endomembrane System
A system that includes the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, ER, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane.
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17
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein elements that provide structure and shape, and facilitate movement within the cell.
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18
Microfilaments
The narrowest type of protein element in the cytoskeleton, associated with myosin.
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19
Desmosomes
Cell structures that act like spot welds, anchoring cells together.
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20
Tight Junctions
Watertight seals between adjacent cells.
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21
Plasmodesmata
Channels that connect adjacent plant cells and facilitate communication.
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22
Gap Junctions
Channels that connect adjacent animal cells, allowing for communication.
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23
Central Vacuole
A large storage compartment in plant cells that can expand without producing more cytoplasm.
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