Intro to Movement exam 2

Upper cervical spine

occiput — C1 — C2

O — C2 (atlanto-occipital joint/ AO joint)

yes movement

C1 — C2 (atlanto- axial joint)

“No” movement

Lower cervical spine

C3-C7

Lower cervical spine movement

flex and rotate

0-C1 Flexion/ Extension

Chin tuck test

assesses deep neck flexors

nodding motion without lower cervical involvement

Atlanto-Occipital Joint (0-C1) normal flexion

5 degrees

Atlanto-Occipital Joint (0-C1) normal extension

10 degrees

Atlanto-Occipital Joint (0-C1) total sagittal plane motion

flexion + extension —> 15 degrees

Atlanto-Occipital Joint (0-C1) side bending (lateral flexion) normal range

5 degrees per side

what is upper cervical side-bending coupled with

rotation to the contralateral side

Lower cervicle spine (C3-C7) normal flexion range

35-40 degrees

Lower cervicle spine (C3-C7) normal extension range

50-60 degrees

Lower cervicle spine (C3-C7) total sagittal plane motion

85-100 degrees

where does peak mobility occur in the lower cervical spine?

C5-C6

Protraction/Retraction

combined movements involcing both the upper and lower cervical spin

protraction for upper spine

extension

protraction for lower spin

flexion

retraction

used in posture correction to reduce forward head

retraction for upper cervical spine

flexion

retraction for lower cervical spine

extension

protraction

poking chin

retraction

double chin

protraction normal range

6-8 cm forward

retraction normal range

3-4 cm backward

lateral (side bending) normal range

30-45 degress per side

what is lower cervical side bending coupled with

ipsilateral rotation due to the orientation of the facet jpints

cervical side bending upper cervical spine normal range

5 degrees per side

lower cervical side bending normal range

30-40 degrees per side

axis of goniometer for flexion/extension of upper and lower cervical

external auditory meatus

stationary arm of goniometer for flexion/extension of upper and lower cervical

perpendiculat to the ground

moving arm of goniometer for flexion/extension of upper and lower cervical

aligns with the base of the nose

axis of the goniometer during side bending of upper and lower cervical

placed over the spinous process of C7

stationary arm of the goniometer during side bending of upper and lower cervical

aligned with the spinous processes of the thoracic spine (ideally T1)

moving arm of the goniometer during side bending of upper and lower cervical

aligned with the dorsal midline of the head

How to find C7

C7 is more prominent than C6

C6 moves and C7 does not

dynamometer

measures the generated force

retraction with BP cuff

the cranio cervical flexion text

first phase of TMJ movement

inital opening: occurs in the lower joint — condylar roation beneath the disk

second phase of TMJ movement

further opening: involves the upper joint — condyle-disk complex transplates forward along the articular eminence

protrusion of TMJ

sliding the mandible forward

upper TMJ compartment

retrusion of TMJ

sliding the mandible backward

upper TMJ compartment

slideglid (lateral excursion) ipsilateral TMJ

rotates or pivots around a vertical axis in the lower compartment

same side as movement

slideglide (lateral excursion) contralateral TMJ

opposite side

translate anteriorly and medially in the upper joint

the condyle and disc glide forward and inward

normal range of alteral excursion

8-12 mm per side

measuring opening/depression of jaw

measure between top and bottom teeth

3 finger test

normal range of opening jaw

40-55 mm

normal range for jaw protrusion

8-12 mm

normal range for jaw retrusion

3 mm

how to measure jaw protrusion and retrusion

from the incisal edges (biting surface) of the front teeth

normal range of jaw side-gliding

8-12 mm to each side