FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (BACTERIA)

Campylobacter

gastroenteritis; microaerophilic spiral/ curved rods

Aerobic rods/ cocci

- Acinetobacter

- Acetobacter

- Alcaligenes

- Brucella

- Alteromonas

- Flavobacterium

- Halobacterium

- Moraxella

- Pseudomonas

Acinetobacter

poultry and shellfish

Acetobacter

alcoholic beverages

Alcaligenes

dairy products and eggs

Brucella

mammalian parasites and pathogens; unpasteurized milk

Alteromonas

chickens and fish spoilage; ammoniacal odors

Flavobacterium

milk and fish

Halobacterium

tolerates >12% salt, fish spoilage

Moraxella

animal parasites

Pseudomonas

most impt genus; almost all species are strict aerobes; grow at low temp

Facultatively anaerobic rods

Family enterobacteriaccea:

- Enterobacter

- Erwinia

- Escherichia

- Proteus

- Salmonella

- Serratia

- Shigella

- Yersinia

- Vibrio

- Aeromonas

Enterobacter

similar characteristics with E. coli

Erwinia

vegetables spoilage

E. coli O157:H7

fecal coliform, food poisoning

Proteus

eggs and raw meat at room temp

salmonella

causative organism for food poisoning

Serratia

red rot spoilage of eggs

Shigella

pathogenic causing food-borne infections

Yersinia

Y. ocolitica can cause food poisoning

Vibrio

food poisoning, infections, and spoilage

Aeromonas

involved in food poisoning

Gram positive coci

Family micrococcacea:

- Micrococcus

- Staphylococcus

- Pediococcus

- Leuconoctoc

- Streptococcus

Micrococcus

spoiler of salted foods (bacon)

Staphylococcus aureus

food poisoning

Pediococcus

lactic acid bacteria (bacon, vacuum p. meats, milk)

Leuconoctoc

wine making and dairy fermentation

Streptococcus

cheese and yoghurt

Endospore-forming rods

- Bacillus

- Clostridium

- Desulfotomaculum

Bacillus

underprocessed canned food. B. cereus - food poisoning it is an aerobic or faculatively aerobic

Clostridium

anaerobic and spore formers like clostridium botulinum and clostridium perfringens which cause food poisoning

Desulfotomaculum

anaerobic and can reduce sulfate to sulfide

Regular non-sporing rods

- Bronchothrix

- Kurthia

- Lactobacillus

- Listeria

Bronchothrix

B. thermosphacta - meat spoilage

Kurthia

aerobic; K. zopfi - isolated from spoiling meats

Lactobacillus

lactic acid bacteria, starter

Listeria

food poisoning, faculatively anaerobic

Irregular non-sporing rods

Corynebacterium - contains a number of human and animal pathogens

Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium - aerobic; includes M. tuberculosis