Kaarten: HRM Global | Quizlet

What were the three main historical focuses in HR development?

• Focus on control (bad working conditions)

• Focus on efficiency (Hawthorne studies)

• Golden sixties: HR as strategic partner

What is the HR cycle in the public sector?

Recruitment

=> Selection

=> Training & Development

=> Performance Management

=> Reward

What are Rainey's three criteria for publicness?

Ownership; Funding; Authority

What is the model employer concept?

• fair treatment

• high job security

• rule-based processes

• centralized employment systems

What is New Public Management (NPM)?

Shift from rule-based to performance-based culture using private-sector techniques

What are the four characteristics of McDonaldization?

• Efficiency

• Calculability

• Predictability

• Control

What are the three peculiarities of public sector HRM?

Goals; Constraints; Motivation

How do goals differ between public and private organizations?

Private: profit-focused

Public: public value, political responsiveness, social equity, harder to measure

What is Resource-Based Theory (RBT) in HRM?

Organizations gain competitive advantage through effective management of human capital

What is Employer Branding?

Creating, communicating, and managing an attractive employer image

What is an employer brand?

Functional, economic, and psychological benefits of working in an organization

What are reasons for employer branding?

• Attract talent

• Retain talent

• Manage brand

• Cost-saving recruitment

What are similarities between marketing and recruitment?

Competitive markets; persuasive communication; product = job; brand = employer

What is Step 0 in employer branding?

Strategic preparation: collaboration, goals, target group, resources, competitors

What are instrumental characteristics?

Objective, tangible job attributes like salary, location, career opportunities

What are symbolic characteristics?

Subjective, intangible attributes like image, prestige, innovation

What is Step 1 in employer branding?

Define desired employer brand (EVP)

What is Step 2 in employer branding?

Assess current employer brand via image audit

What is internal employer branding?

Align EVP with employee experience and HR practices

What is Mosley's Touchpoint Model?

Employer brand must be experienced at every employee touchpoint

What are traits of employee ambassadors?

Informed; emotionally connected; consistent behavior and communication

What is external employer branding?

Attracting potential employees through targeted channels and messaging

What is Performance Management?

Systematic process to plan, monitor, and evaluate performance

What are the 7 steps of the performance management cycle?

1. Goal setting

2. Planning

3. Monitoring

4. Feedback

5. Appraisal

6. Rewards

7. Development

What are SMART goals?

Specific; Measurable; Achievable; Relevant; Time-bound

What is an Event Preview?

Pre-event planning tool defining expectations, risks, and actions

What are check-ins?

Frequent short conversations tracking progress

What is an After-Action Review (AAR)?

Reflection after action to improve future performance

What are benefits of frequent feedback?

Higher performance; engagement; motivation

What defines a feedback-friendly culture?

Informal; continuous; learning-focused; multi-source feedback

What is Feedback-Seeking Behavior?

Actively asking or monitoring for feedback

What are characteristics of constructive feedback?

• future-oriented

• goal-oriented

• strength-oriented

• reflection-oriented

What are criticisms of formal performance appraisals?

Time-consuming; biased; static; negative reactions

How do public vs private goals affect performance management?

Public goals unclear and harder to align; private goals clearer

How does motivation differ in public vs private sector?

Public Service Motivation vs mixed motivations

What is Executive Search?

Direct recruitment of C-level executives

What are features of Executive Search?

• direct approach

• confidential

• no job ads

• senior roles only

What are stages of Executive Search?

Intake; Search; Interviews; Shortlist

What should young graduates reflect on for careers?

Ambition; career drivers; talents

What are advantages of SMEs?

Fast impact; proximity to decision-making; broad roles

What are advantages of multinationals?

Structured careers; training; international opportunities

What are advantages of consulting?

Diverse projects; fast learning; networking

What is the cost of a failing selection procedure?

€35,000-150,000

What is the essential pre-step in selection?

Job analysis and competency-selection matrix

What are competencies?

Observable skills, knowledge, and attitudes predicting performance

How many competencies should be selected?

Maximum 5-7

What criteria define good selection tools?

• predictive validity

• cost

• bias

• candidate reactions

• job relevance

What is predictive validity of good selection tools?

60-70%

What are limitations of resume screening?

Low validity; recruiter bias; privacy concerns

What are characteristics of cognitive ability tests?

Strong predictors; negative reactions; potential bias

What is the Big Five personality model?

• Extraversion

• Openness

• Emotional Stability

• Agreeableness

• Conscientiousness

Pros and cons of personality questionnaires?

Efficient but weak job link and impression management issues

What are the three parts of an interview?

Opening; structured competency questions; closing

Behavioral vs situational interview questions?

Behavioral = past behavior

Situational = hypothetical

What is the STARR technique?

• Situation

• Task

• Action

• Result

• Reflection

What are work samples?

Simulations of real job tasks

What is an in-basket exercise?

Prioritizing tasks under time pressure

What is a case analysis exercise?

Solving realistic job-related problems

What is a role-play exercise?

Simulated interaction testing interpersonal skills

What is a fact-finding exercise?

Asking the right questions to solve a problem

Pros and cons of work samples?

High validity but expensive and hard to scale

What is an Assessment Center?

Combination of tests and simulations

What is the ORCE rating method?

Observe; Record; Classify; Evaluate

What is the halo effect?

Early positive impression biases later ratings

What does research say about social media in selection?

No link to job performance; not recommended

What is procedural justice?

Fairness of procedures and decision-making processes

What is distributive justice?

Fairness of outcomes based on equity

What is interactional justice?

Fair interpersonal treatment and information sharing

What are principles of fairness in selection?

• equality

• transparency

• privacy

• feedback rights

How do you validate a selection instrument?

Correlation between selection scores and later job performance

Training vs development?

Training = short-term skill improvement

Development = long-term growth

What does research say about training effectiveness?

Positive effects on satisfaction, learning, and performance

Why do training investments fail?

Wrong reasons, people, trainers, or methods

What are steps of effective training?

1. Needs analysis

2. Goals

3. Design

4. Transfer

5. Evaluation

What are levels of needs diagnosis?

Organizational; Job; Individual

What should training goals include?

Clear, measurable goals linked to diagnosis

What are trainer-centered methods?

Presentations; audiovisual tools

What are trainee-centered methods?

Case studies; role-play; simulations; e-learning; on-the-job

What is benefit of case study training?

Improves analytical and problem-solving skills

Pros and cons of on-the-job training?

Realistic but coach-dependent and time-consuming

What are types of team training?

Coordination; cross-training; action learning; outward bound

What is transfer of training?

Applying learned skills to the job

How to optimize transfer via work situation?

Supportive supervisors; practice opportunities; buddy systems

What is Kirkpatrick's evaluation model?

Reaction; Learning; Behavior; Results

What are principles of effective training?

Activity; chunking; feedback; transfer

What is included in the reward package?

Pay; benefits; relational outcomes

What is special about public sector pay?

• education-based

• regulated

• seniority-based

What is the issue with seniority-based pay?

Large wage gaps; low motivation for young workers

What is performance-based pay?

Pay linked to performance via incentives and sorting

What did Lazear find about PBP?

44% productivity increase

What does research say about PBP incentives?

Higher effort, limited quality effects

What is optimal incentive size?

Moderate incentives perform best

What is a cafeteria plan?

Flexible benefits chosen within a budget

Theories explaining pay and motivation?

Reinforcement; intrinsic/extrinsic; VIE theory

Social vs economic exchange?

Transactional vs relational exchange

What is work engagement?

Vigor; dedication; absorption

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological; safety; belonging; esteem; self-actualization

What is Herzberg's two-factor theory?

Hygiene vs motivators

What does goal-setting theory state?

Specific, challenging goals improve performance

Impact of wage increases net vs gross?

€100 net costs employer about €300