Python Programming

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts, definitions, and terminology related to Python programming and object-oriented programming.

Abstraction

A concept that means hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts.

Specification

A description of the behavior of a system expressed in a formal way.

Function Specification

Describes what values a function takes as valid inputs and what it returns.

Precondition

An assertion that must be true before a function is executed.

Postcondition

An assertion that must be true after a function has completed its execution.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming paradigm that uses 'objects' to represent data and methods to manipulate that data.

Class

A blueprint for creating objects; a class defines a set of attributes and methods.

Instance

A specific object created from a class.

Aggregation

A special type of association that represents a whole-part relationship, where both can exist independently.

Composition

A form of aggregation where the parts cannot exist independently from the whole.

Dependency

Indicates that one class depends on another; changes in one class may require changes in another.

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

A standardized modeling language used to specify, visualize, develop, and document software.

Inheritance

The mechanism by which one class can inherit attributes and methods from another class.

Encapsulation

The bundling of data and methods within a single unit or class.

Polymorphism

The ability of different objects to be accessed through the same interface.

Dunder Methods

Special methods in Python, such as 'init' and 'str', that allow customization of class behavior.

Abstract Data Type (ADT)

A data type that is defined by its behavior (operations) and not by its implementation.

Type Hint

A notation that indicates the expected data type of a variable, parameter, or return value in Python.

Built-in Functions

Predefined functions in Python that simplify common programming tasks.

Testing and Debugging

The process of finding and fixing errors in software code.

Error Handling

The process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions or errors during execution.

Function Behavior

How a function operates and what it returns based on its inputs.