Neonatal Calf Diarrhea (not done)

What are the most common causes of diarrhea in calves?

Rota and corona

What are the big 5 for neonatal calf diarrhea?

ETEC

Rota

Corona

Crypto

Salmonella

What are risk factors for NCD (neonatal calf diarrhea)?

Dystocia

Dam parity

Colostrum management

Beef cow management

Intensive calf-rearing systems

Why does beef cow management increase chance for NCD?

High stocking density

High pathogen load

Why do intensive calf-rearing systems increase chance for NCD?

Once daily milk feeding

Damp bedding

Feeding mastitic milk

Where does the E. coli toxin attack?

GI crypt

What does E. coli toxin do?

Attack a membrane pump in the crypt causing loss of K+, HCO3, and Cl

Where does rota and corona attack?

Villus causing hyperplasia of crypt and secretion of electrolytes

What causes maldigestion in rota and corona infections?

Decreased disaccharidase secretion due to loss of villi

What are the main pathophysiologies of diarrhea?

Hyper-secretion (bacteria)

Malabsorption (viruses)

Inflammation (salmonella, clostridium, coccidia)

What do bacteria cause in the SI?

Hypersecretion

What do viruses cause in the GI?

Malabsorption due to destruction of villus, and hyperplasia of crypt cells leading to milk fermentation and bacterial overgrowth

What does salmonella, clostridium, and coccidia cause to the GI?

Enteritis due to translocation of bacteria and endotoxins