Memory Functions and Problems

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the functions of memory, the types of memory, and various problems associated with memory.

Memory

A set of processes in the brain allowing us to access information.

Encoding

The process of getting information into memory.

Storage

The process of retaining memories for future use.

Retrieval

The process of recapturing memories when needed.

Automatic processing

Encoding of information with little conscious awareness or effort.

Effortful processing

Encoding of information through careful attention and conscious effort.

Semantic codes

Cognitive representation of information based on meaning.

Visual codes

Cognitive representation of information based on images.

Acoustic codes

Cognitive representation of information based on the sounds of words.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Model suggesting information moves among three memory stores during encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Sensory Memory (SM)

The initial stage of memory that holds sensory information for a few seconds.

Short-term memory (STM)

Memory store that temporarily holds a small amount of information for a limited duration.

Long-term memory (LTM)

The storage of information over extended periods.

Episodic memory

Type of memory involving personal experiences and specific events.

Semantic memory

Memory involving knowledge of facts and concepts.

Procedural memory

Memory for skills and actions.

Anterograde amnesia

Inability to form new memories after an amnesia-inducing event.

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to remember events that occurred before an amnesia-inducing event.

Transience

The fading of memories over time.

Misattribution

Failure to accurately recall the source of information.

Suggestibility

The phenomenon where memory is influenced by misleading information.

Flashbulb memories

Highly detailed, extraordinarily vivid memories of the moment an emotional event occurs.

Rehearsal

Conscious repetition of information to maintain it in memory.

Chunking

Grouping bits of information together to enhance memory storage.

Mnemonic devices

Techniques used to improve the encoding and retention of information.