Studied by 5 people
This set is from functional groups to simple facts about macromols
H+
chemical formula for hydrogen ions
OH-
chemical formula for hydroxide ions
allotropes
carbon has many _____
Carbon
The main component of bio-compounds (organic)
4
carbon can form up to ____ chemical bonds
6
Carbon is #___ on the periodic table
Macromolecules
Large organic molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
Polymers
molecules made from repeating units called monomers
CHO
components of carbohydrates (acronym)
Monosaccharides
simple sugars made of carbon rings
Monomers
the basic building blocks of polymers; single units that can join to form larger structures.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
4 types of macromolecules
Functional group
A group of atoms that make up macromolecules and their chemical properties
hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl
7 functional groups
hydrophilic
the hydroxyl group is polar and _____
Carbonyl
A carbon double bonded to an oxygen
acidic
carboxyl(ic) groups are ____
-COOH
The formula for the carboxyl group is
carbonyl and hydroxyl
Which two groups are the carboxyl group made of?
phosphate
The ____ group is a key component to ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
full name of ATP
energy transfer
The phosphate group is involved with _____
-PO4
formula for the phosphate group (hint: look at the image)
hydrophobic
fear of water
hydrophilic
love of water
-NH2
The formula for the amino group
DNA and RNA
The phosphate group is the backbone of ________
Dehydration synthesis
The process of removing water (molecule)
Hydrolysis
The process of adding water (molecule)
break
Hydrolysis adds water to ____ a bond in polymers
create
dehydration synthesis ____ a bond
false
True or false: Hydrolysis and break the bonds inside monomers
covalently
When dehydration synthesis occurs, functional groups like hydroxyl are _____ bonded
Fatty acids
the monomer of lipids
even, carbon, 4 to 28
Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an ____ number of ____ atoms, from _____
polar
The carboxyl groups at the end of fatty acids are ______
Unsaturated fat
Which type of fat is bent, attaches to other atoms, and has a carboxyl group at the end
saturated fat
which type of fat is unbent, only attached to hydrogen atoms, and has a carboxyl group at the end?
Lipids
Steroids are considered false polymers of _____
hydrophobic
Steroids do not have long chain fatty acids but are _______
proteins
enzymes, muscle fibers, antibodies, and hemoglobin are all examples of:
nucleotide
The monomer of nucleic acids
amino acid
monomer of proteins
CHO(P)
What is the elements’ acronym of lipids
phospholipids
Lipids can sometimes contain phosphorus. In what kind of lipid is the element found in?
monosaccharides
monomers of carbohydrates
cell membrane
phospholipids make up the ______ _______
form determines function
What is the 3-word phrase used to determine how organic molecules will look and behave?
A large molecule
What is a polymer?
starch, glycogen, cellulose
What are the three classes of carbohydrates?
polysaccharides
polymers of carbohydrates
long chain fatty acids
polymers of lipids
polypeptide
polymers of protein
DNA and RNA
polymers of nucleic acids
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
three parts of a nucleotide
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
4 DNA bases
Uracil
In replacement of Thymine, what is the base of RNA that is different from DNA?
A=T, C=G
How are the bases in DNA bonded? (write the bonds as “=”: like K=O)
hydrogen bond
How are the bases of a double helix held together? (out of covalent, ionic, hydrogen, and van DER Waals bonds)
carboxyl group
Which of the functional groups do lipids and amino acids share?
