Philippine Politics and Governance - Introductory Concepts

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental definitions of politics, governance, forms of government, and the various types of power as presented in the lecture notes.

Polis

The Greek word meaning "city-state" from which the word politics is derived.

Politics

The process of acquiring, exercising, and distributing power, involving the creation, maintenance, and amendment of societal norms or rules.

Governance

The process of making and implementing decisions to manage public affairs, focusing on efficiency, accountability, management, and service delivery.

Political Science

The master science that focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels.

Monarchy

A form of government led by a king, queen, emperor, or monarch where leadership and power are usually inherited through a royal family.

Republic

A government where leaders are chosen through elections by citizens and do not inherit power.

Presidential Form of Government

A system where the president serves as both the head of state and head of government, with a clear separation between executive and legislative branches.

Parliamentary Form of Government

A system where the prime minister leads the government and is chosen by the parliament, with the executive branch coming from the legislature.

Democratic Form of Government

A system where government authority comes from the people and citizens participate in choosing leaders through free and fair elections.

Nondemocratic Form of Government

A system where power is concentrated in one person or a small group, and citizens have limited or no role in selecting leaders.

Unitary State

A state where the central government holds most of the political power and local governments follow the authority of the national government.

Federal State

A state where power is shared between the national government and regional governments, such as states or provinces, which have constitutional powers.

Power

The ability of a person or group to influence, control, or direct the actions, decisions, or behavior of others.

Legitimate Power

Power that comes from a person's position or authority, where people follow because it is their role or job.

Reward Power

Power derived from the ability to give rewards, where people follow because they want to receive something good.

Coercive Power

Power that comes from the ability to punish or impose consequences, used so that people follow to avoid punishment.

Expert Power

Power based on knowledge, skills, or expertise, where people follow because they trust the person's abilities.

Referent Power

Power based on being respected, admired, or liked by others, where people follow because they look up to the person.