BIO1120- CHP9- Connective Tissues

connective tissues

bind structures together, provide support and protection, fill spaces, store fat, and transport blood cells

ground substance and fibers

Two components of the extracellular matrix that cells produce and secrete

ground substance

varies from liquid to semi-solid to solid, functions in support as a medium for substances to move between cells and blood vessels

fibers

consist of proteins including collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers

collagen fibers

thick threads, most common, appear white

reticular fibers

Fine threads of highly branched collagen with glycoprotein form elastin, appear yellow and springlike

areolar connective description

cells in an abundant fluid-like gel matrix; loose arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers

areolar connective function

loosely binds organs; holds tissue fluids

adipose description

cells in sparse fluid-gel matrix; closely packed cells

adipose function

protects; insulates; stores fat

Reticular connective description

cells in a fluid-gel matrix; reticular fibers

reticular connective functions

supportive framework of organs

dense regular connective description

cells in a fluid-gel matrix; parallel, wavy collagen fibers; limited vascularity

dense regular connective functions

tightly binds body parts

dense irregular connective description

cells in a fluid-gel matrix; random collagen fibers

dense irregular connective function

sustains tissue tension; durable

Elastic connective description

cells in a fluid-gel matrix; collagen fibers densely packed; branched elastic fibers

elastic connective function

provides elastic quality

Hyaline cartilage description

cells in a firm solid-gel matrix; fine network of collagen fibers; appears glassy; avascular

hyaline cartilage function

supports; protects; provides framework

fibrocartilage description

cells in a firm solid-gel matrix; abundant collagen fibers; avascular

fibrocartilage function

supports; protects; absorbs shock

bone (osseous) description

cells in a solid matrix; many collagen fibers; vascular

bone (osseous) description

supports; protects; provides framework; calcium storage

blood description

cells and platelets in a fluid matrix called plasma

blood function

transport nutrients, wastes, and gases; defends against disease; clotting

loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, and reticular

dense connective

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic connective

cartilage

hyaline, fibro, elastic

bone

compact bone, spongy bone

liquid connective

blood, and lymph

areolar connective location

around body organs, binds skin to deeper organs

adipose location

hypodermis; around kidneys and heart; yellow bone marrow; breast

reticular connective location

spleen; thymus; lymph nodes; red bone marrow

dense regular location

tendons; ligaments

dense irregular location

dermis; heart valves; periosteum on bone

elastic connective location

larger artery walls; vocal cords; some ligaments between vertebrae

hyaline cartilage location

nasal septum, larynx, costal cartilage, ends of long bones, fetal skeleton

fibrocartilage location

between vertebrae; between public bones; pads in knee

elastic cartilage location

outer ear; epiglottis

compact bone location

bone shafts; beneath periosteum

spongy bone location

within ends of long bones; inside flat and irregular

blood location

lumens of blood vessels; heart chambers

lymph location

lumens of lymphatic vessels

mast cell

secretes histamines and heparin

fibroblast

synthesizes extracellular matrix (protein fibers and ground substances)

adipocyte

stores fat, an energy reservoir

chondroblast

produces cartilage; called a chondrocyte when isolated in lacunae

osteoblast

produces bone (osseous tissue); called osteocyte when isolated in lacunae

leukocyte

white blood cell; fights off infection and pathogens

erythrocyte

red blood cell; transports gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

platelet

Cell fragment; secretes chemicals to attract clotting proteins and to stimulate blood vessel growth; acts to reduce blood loss

muscles tissues

smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

skeletal muscle function

Body movements, maintaining posture, breathing, speaking, and controlling waste elimination help regulate blood sugar levels, heat production, and provide protection

smooth muscle

involuntary, not striated, nucleus close to the center

cardiac muscles

only located in the heart wall, involuntary control, striated, seperated from one another by intercalated discs that contain gap junctions

nervous tissues

Occur in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

neuroglia

cannot generate or conduct nerve impulses, but have important supportive and protective functions for neurons