Comprehensive Lecture Flashcards: Nutrition and Skin, Hair, and Nails Assessment

Exam Preparation Recommendation

To start preparing early by periodizing and spacing out learning to perform well on the final exam.

Key Concept: Hormonal Regulation

A major physiological process directly interrelated with nutritional intake and body status.

Key Concept: Elimination

The body process of expelling feces and urine, which is impacted by fluid and dietary intake.

Key Concept: Tissue Integrity

The state of structurally intact skin and tissue, reliant on adequate protein and vitamin intake.

Key Concept: Immunity

The body's defense mechanism against infection, heavily dependent on dietary protein and nutrients.

Key Concept: Culture

Cultural practices and beliefs that influence dietary choices, food preparation, and nutrition.

Key Concept: Development

Growth and maturation processes that depend directly on protein and essential macronutrients.

Key Concept: Glucose Regulation

The metabolic control of blood sugar levels tied directly to carb and food intake.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts, comprising carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in smaller amounts, including water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins along with minerals.

Water (Nutrient)

One of the three major key categories of body nutrients alongside macronutrients and micronutrients.

Mechanism of Weight Gain (Caloric)

Occurs when caloric intake exceeds what the body burns over time.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The baseline rate of energy expenditure by the body at rest; a very low BMR leads to weight gain.

Fluid Accumulation Weight Gain

Gain in weight caused by body fluid retention, commonly observed in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

A chronic condition where a weak heart fails to pump blood forward, leading to fluid accumulation and daily weight monitoring.

Daily Weight Patient Population

Patients with conditions like CHF who must be weighed daily to monitor sudden fluid retention.

Mechanism of Weight Loss (Caloric)

Occurs when calorie intake is insufficient, basal metabolic rate is high, or physical activity is high.

Disease Causes of Weight Loss

Conditions causing weight loss including GI issues (nausea/vomiting), hyperthyroidism, chronic infections, cancers, depression, and eating disorders.

Weight Loss from Chronic Infection

Caused by infection-induced nausea (decreased intake), decreased absorption, and increased caloric burn from producing white blood cells/phagocytes.

Phagocyte Production Caloric Burn

The process where the body burns high amounts of calories to manufacture immune cells to fight infections.

Intentional Weight Loss

Weight loss achieved purposely through planned diet, calorie restriction, or physical exercise.

Unintentional Weight Loss

Unplanned weight reduction that is clinically concerning and often signals serious underlying conditions like cancer.

Significant Weight Loss Threshold Example

Losing 10 pounds over a short period of two weeks without changing habits.