integrated japanese level 3 grammar

X だけで（は）なくY（も）

V/i-adj plain, na-adj/ N

• not only X but also Y

• Y in addition to X

〜ため（に）

plain form/ na-adj/Nの

• due to/since to

• why a certain action was taken, or a certain event occured

〜ようになる

V dic ようになる

• start to do/ come to do

• expresses a situation that changed naturally

• “previously was… but now is…”

〜なくなる

Vなくなる

• expresses a natural change in a situation

• “previously was… but now is no longer…”

• no longer do….

~間（は）

V dic/ている, ii-adj, na-adj, Nの

• during ~/ while ~

• expresses the entire length of the situation, continuous action

（Nによろと）〜ということだ

(according to N) it seems ~

• used to communicate information heard from another person or read in an article

• plain form is always used in the N section

って

Used to introduce quotes, paraphrased statements or even long thoughts

quoted content + って＋言う・聞く・思う

だっけ

Used when trying to confirm something you think the other person knows or when you're trying to recall something yourself

plain form + だっけ

っていう

っていう。。。

Casual way of naming, describing, explaining something the other person might not know

~なら

XならY

Assuming X is the topic of the sentence there are three ways this grammar point can be used.

• Assuming X or in a case like X

• After listening to the other person and their examples = if you say it's X, then Y

• Used to convey opinion on what should happen after the situation in response to the speakers previous statement= “generally in a situation like X,Y”

なぜなら、〜からだ

this is because ~

Plain からだ = Y

e.g 1964年に日本で初めて新幹線ができた。なぜなら、東京オリンピックが行われたからだ。

〜ことが・もある

happens sometimes/occasionally

verb dic/ないことが・もある

e.g この薬を飲むと眠くなることがあります。運転する時間は飲まないでください。

verb +　〜ない？・〜ません？

used when inviting someone to do something, trying to induce someone in a certain direction or when requesting the listener to do something

noun +ですが・だけど

used to prepare the listener by first mentioning a topic before talking about it

• ですが- polite

• だけど- casual

noun +で言い・でもいい

used when accepting or suggesting something is acceptable

• でいい - something is acceptable or what you prefer (This is fine/preferred)

• でもいい - implies flexibility/prefer something else but this is still acceptable.