integrated japanese level 3 grammar

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36 Terms

1
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X だけで(は)なくY(も)

V/i-adj plain, na-adj/ N

  • not only X but also Y

  • Y in addition to X

2
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〜ため(に)

plain form/ na-adj/Nの

  • due to/since to

  • why a certain action was taken, or a certain event occured

3
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〜ようになる

V dic ようになる

  • start to do/ come to do

  • expresses a situation that changed naturally

  • “previously was… but now is…”

4
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〜なくなる

Vなくなる

  • expresses a natural change in a situation

  • “previously was… but now is no longer…”

  • no longer do….

5
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~間(は)

V dic/ている, ii-adj, na-adj, Nの

  • during ~/ while ~

  • expresses the entire length of the situation, continuous action

6
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(Nによろと)〜ということだ

(according to N) it seems ~

  • used to communicate information heard from another person or read in an article

  • plain form is always used in the N section

7
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って

Used to introduce quotes, paraphrased statements or even long thoughts

quoted content + って+言う・聞く・思う

8
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だっけ

Used when trying to confirm something you think the other person knows or when you're trying to recall something yourself

plain form + だっけ

9
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っていう

っていう。。。

Casual way of naming, describing, explaining something the other person might not know

10
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~なら

XならY

Assuming X is the topic of the sentence there are three ways this grammar point can be used.

  • Assuming X or in a case like X

  • After listening to the other person and their examples = if you say it's X, then Y

  • Used to convey opinion on what should happen after the situation in response to the speakers previous statement= “generally in a situation like X,Y”

11
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なぜなら、〜からだ

this is because ~

Plain からだ = Y

e.g 1964年に日本で初めて新幹線ができた。なぜなら、東京オリンピックが行われたからだ。

12
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〜ことが・もある

happens sometimes/occasionally

verb dic/ないことが・もある

e.g この薬を飲むと眠くなることがあります。運転する時間は飲まないでください。

13
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verb + 〜ない?・〜ません?

used when inviting someone to do something, trying to induce someone in a certain direction or when requesting the listener to do something

14
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noun +ですが・だけど

used to prepare the listener by first mentioning a topic before talking about it

  • ですが- polite

  • だけど- casual

15
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noun +で言い・でもいい

used when accepting or suggesting something is acceptable

  • でいい - something is acceptable or what you prefer (This is fine/preferred)

  • でもいい - implies flexibility/prefer something else but this is still acceptable.

16
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plain form, なーadj/noun, ーじゃないです

ではない

17
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plain form, なーadj/noun, ーじゃなかったです

ではなかった

18
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plain form, 調べましょう

調べよう

19
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plain form, 調べてください

調べてほしい

20
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plain form, 調べたいです

調べたい

21
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plain form, 違うんです

違うのだ・違うのである

22
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plain form, 違うでしょう

違うだろう

23
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ばかり

Vて・N ばかり だ・ではない

“there are a lot of the same things only”

“only”, “mostly”

24
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~一方

V dic/ない/い・な 一方

X一方でY ー X in contrast to Y

  • X and Y are carried out simultaneously

  • X and Y are contrasting opinions, standpoints or situations.

25
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~上に

V and い plain/ な・Nの・である 上に

X 上に Y - State X exists and there is an additional state Y that is worse or better

“in addition to” “on top of”

26
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suspended form - い adj

i-adj : i-adj-i →-ku、 (e.g.) yasashiiyasashiku

大きくて ー 大きく

大きくなくてー 大きくなく

27
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suspended form - な adj and nouns

na-adj : na-adj-na → -de、 (e.g.) kireinakireide

有名なー有名で

有名ではなくて

28
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suspended form - verbs

V : V masu-form -masu 、 (e.g.) yomimasuyomi

29
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suspended form - special verbs

書かないでー書かず

してーし

しないでーせず

あってーあり

なくてーなく

住んでいてー住んでおり

住んでいなくてー 住んでおらず

30
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~初めて

vて初めて

  • explains the things noticed, learned and understood after experincing somethng for the first time

  • Xて初めてY - X needs to first be experienced in order for state Y to occur

31
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N を対象に

to be targeted towards N

32
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N に関して

in regards to N, about N

33
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N は X を示したgraphだ

NはXを示した・表す・とYを比較した graph/figure/chart だ

34
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〜なっている

いadj - く

なadj/Noun - に なっている

  • “the results show”

35
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Nからことが言える

Nから plain ことが 言える・言えそうだ・わかる

  • “Y is understood from/based on x”

36
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~に対して

Plain のに対して

  • “in constrast to” “while